?????? ????? (?????)

??? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ^[1] ????? ??????? ???, ??????, ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???

????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 1968 ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? 1877 ??? ???? ???, ???? ??? 1881 ??? ???? ???, 1891 ??? ?????? ??? ?? 1905 ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 1986 ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 1905 ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? (?????), ???? ??? ?????? ??? (??-???), ??????? (???-?????) ?? ???? ??? (?????-???????) ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???, ??????? (??? ??) ??? ?????? ??? (?????? ??) ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???

?????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ^[2] ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 5??? ??? ??? ???-?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? 5??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? 2 ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ??.

??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? "?????? ?????" ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? "???-??????? ??? ?????? ?????" ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ? ?? ???, ?? "????? ?????? ?????" ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???-??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? 1988 ?? "?????? ?????" ??? ???? ??, ^[3] ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?? "????? ?????? ?????" ????? ???? ??, ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ^[4]

??????? ????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????????? ???
?????????? ???????: 18 ????? - 31 ?????
?????: ??????? ?????, ???????
????? ????? ????? ????????: novalk jokowich
????? ??????? ????? ????????: [[simona halep

?????? ???
?????????? ???????: 23 ?? - 6 ???
?????: ?????? ?????, ?????
????? ????? ????? ????????: ????? ????
????? ??????? ????? ????????: ?????? ?????

??????? ???????????
?????????? ???????: 21 ??? - 4 ?????
?????: ?? ???????? ????? ????, ????
????? ????? ????? ????????: ????? ????
????? ??????? ????? ????????: ?????? ?????

???? ???
?????????? ???????: 30 ????? - 12 ??????
?????: ??????? ??????, ?????????
????? ????? ????? ????????: ????? ????
????? ??????? ????? ????????: ??? ??????????

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??????, 1930 ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1933 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? "??? ???????? ????? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ?????." ????????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????

?????? ????? (?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????) [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?? (1938)
??? ???? (1962 ? 1969)

????? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? ??????? (1953)
???????? ????? (1970)
?????? ????? (1988)
- ???: ????? ?? ??????? 1988 ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ("??????" ?????? ?????)

????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? (1951)

????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?????? (1960), ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????.
???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? (1984)
- ???: ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? 1983 ??????? ?? 1985 ?????? ??? ?? ?????? 8 ?????? ????? ????? ?????
???????? ?????????? (1986), ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???.
- ???: 1986 ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? 1985 ?? ????? 1987 ????? ?????????? ???? ???
???????? ?????? (1998), ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???.

??????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? (1963)
???????? ????? (1965), ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??.??. ???????????.
- ???: ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
???? ??????? (1967), ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????.
???: 1985 ???, ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????- ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???. 1970 ?? 1987 ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????

???? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ?????? (1983)

???-??????? ???? ?????? ????? (?????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????) [ ??????? ???? ]

1982 ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? (??????) ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ^[5] ???????? ?????????? ?????? 1984 ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? (?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???????-??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????)? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????-??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? 1982 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ^{[
?????? ?????
]} ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ^{[
?????? ?????
]}

????? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ?????????? (1983-1984)
- ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???, 1983 ??? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? 1984 ??? ?????? ???, ????? ?? (1977 ?? 1985 ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??, ?? 1987 ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??)?
?????? ????? (1993-94)
- ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??: 1993 ??? ?????? ???, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 1994 ??? ??????????? ????
?????? ???????? (2002-03)
- ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??: 2002 ??? ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ??? ?? 2003 ??? ??????????? ????

????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? (1986-1987)
- 1986 ?? ??????? ?? 1987 ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? (??? ?????????? ?? ???)?
???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? (1992-93)
- 1992 ?? ?????? ??? ?? 1993 ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ???????? (1996-1997)
- 1996 ?? ???? ??? ?? 1997 ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? (??? ???? ????????? ?? ???, ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????).
?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? (2009-2010)
- 2009 ?? ??????? ?? 2010 ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????

?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?? (6): (1938 ??.??. ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? 1937 ???????)

??????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? ??????? (6): (1953 ??.??. ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????)
???????? ????? (6): (1971 ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? 1969 ???? ???).
???????? ?????????? (6): (1984 ??.??. ??? ?? ?????? ?? 1983 ???????).

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???!

7: ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (1952 ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? 1951 ??????????? ???????????)

???????:

8: ?????? ?????? (1952 ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? 1950 ???? ???????????)

??????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???!

8: ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? (1983 ??????? ???????????/???? ???/??????????? ???, 1984 ?????? ???/??????? ???????????/???? ???/??????????? ???, 1985 ?????? ???)
6: ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? (1992 ?????? ???/??????? ???????????/???? ???, 1993 ??????????? ???/?????? ???/??????? ???????????)

???????:

8: ???????? ?????????? (1983 ??????? ????? ???????????/??????? ???/??????????? ???, 1984 ?????? ???/??????? ???????????/???? ???/??????????? ???, 1985 ?????? ???)
8: ??? ??????? (1983 ??????? ???????????/???? ???/??????????? ???, 1984 ?????? ???/??????? ???????????/???? ???/??????????? ???, 1985 ?????? ???)

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???: ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

1	???? ?????	10	2005 ??????? - 2007 ???? ???
2	???? ?????	8	2008 ?????? ??? - 2010 ??????????? ???
3	??? ?????????	7	1934 ??????????? ??????????? - 1935 ???????
4	??? ??	6	1937 ??????? - 1938 ???? ???????????
=	??? ????	6	1961 ??????? - 1962 ???? ???????????
6	????? ????	5	1934 ??????? - 1935 ???????
=	?????? ??????	5	1951 ???? ??????????? - 1952 ???? ???????????
=	????? ?????	5	1964 ??????? - 1965 ???????
9	???? ???	4	1956 ??????????? ??????????? - 1956 ???? ???????????
=	??? ????	4	1969 ??????????? ??? - 1969 ???? ???
=	?????? ?????	4	1999 ?????? ??? - 2000 ??????????? ???

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??	???????	#	??????????
1	?????? ?????	13	1987 ?????? ??? - 1990 ?????? ???
2	???????? ??????????	11	1985 ?????? ??? - 1987 ???? ???
3	???????? ??????????	6	1983 ??????? ??????????? - 1984 ???? ???
=	????? ?????	6	1984 ?????? ??? - 1985 ??????? ???????????
=	?????? ?????	6	1991 ???? ??? - 1993 ??????????? ???
=	???????? ?????	6	1969 ???? ??? - 1971 ??????????? ???
=	????? ?????? ???????	6	1952 ??????? ??????????? - 1953 ???? ???????????
8	?????? ?????	5	1993 ??????????? ??? - 1994 ??????????? ???
=	???????? ??????	5	1997 ??????????? ??? - 1998 ??????????? ???
=	???????? ?????	5	1963 ??????? ??????????? - 1964 ??????? ???????????
=	???????? ?????	5	1965 ??????????? ??????????? - 1966 ??????????? ???????????
12	???? ?????????? ??????	4	1915 ??????? ??????????? - 1918 ???? ???????????
=	????? ?????? ???	4	1941 ??????? ??????????? - 1944 ???? ???????????
=	?????? ?????	4	1964 ?????? ??????????? - 1965 ??????????? ???????????
=	???? ???????????	4	1980 ???? ??? - 1981 ??????? ???????????
=	???????? ??????????	4	1981 ???? ??? - 1982 ??????? ???????????
=	????? ?????	4	1982 ??????? ??????????? - 1983 ?????? ???
=	????????? ???????? ????????	4	1994 ???? ??? - 1995 ???????
=	?????? ????????	4	2002 ?????? ??? - 2003 ??????????? ???
=	???? ????????	4	2002 ?????? ??? - 2003 ??????????? ???
=	?????? ?????	4	2006 ??????????? ??? - 2006 ???? ???

???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? (?????? ????) [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ????? ???? ?? 1924 ?? ??.??. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? 1933 ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 16 ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? (1926 ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???). ?? ??? ?? ???? 15 ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ???????? 6 ??????? 4 ?????? ??????????? ?? 6 ??.??. ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? 1924 ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????

???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? (?????? ????) [ ??????? ???? ]

1951 ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 13 ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? 1955 ?? ??.??. ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? 5 ?????????, 3 ?????? ??????????? ?? 5 ??.??. ??????????? ?????

????? ?????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? (??? ????, ?????? ????? , ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ) ??? ???? ??????? ( ???????? ????? , ????? ????? , ???????? ?????????? , ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ) ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???

???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? , ??????? ?????, ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????????, ????? ?? , ???? ??????, ????? ????, ?????? ?????? , ??? ????????? , ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????

???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???

?????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? (?? ????) ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ???? (1933 ???? ???????????, 1934 ??????????? ???????????, 1934 ??????? ??????????? ?? 1935 ?????? ???????????)[26]
??? ?? (1937 ??????? ???????????, 1937 ???? ???????????, 1938 ??????????? ??????????? ?? 1938 ?????? ???????????)[23]
??? ???? (1960 ??????????? ???????????, 1961 ??????? ???????????, 1962 ?????? ??????????? ?? 1962 ???? ???????????
??? ????? (1961 ??????????? ???????????, 1961 ???? ???????????, 1963 ?????? ??????????? ?? 1964 ??????? ???????????)
?????? ????? (1992 ???????, 1994 ???? ???, 1995 ??????????? ??? ?? 1999 ?????? ???)
- ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???-??? ??????? 1996 ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????, 1924-1984 ?? 60 ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???
???? ????? (2003 ???????, 2004 ??????????? ???, 2004 ???? ??? ?? 2009 ?????? ???)
????? ???? (2005 ?????? ???, 2008 ???????, 2009 ??????????? ??? ?? 2010 ???? ???)
- ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???-??? ?????? 2008 ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???

??????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? ??????? (1951 ???? ???????????, 1952 ??????? ??????????, 1953 ??????????? ??????????? ?? 1953 ?????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???)
????? ????? (1949 ??????????? ???????????, 1950 ?????? ???????????, 1951 ??????? ??????????? ?? 1954 ???? ???????????)
????? ????? ????? (1951 ?????? ???????????, 1956 ??????? ???????????, 1956 ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?? 1957 ??????????? ???????????)
???????? ????? (1960 ??????????? ???????????, 1962 ?????? ???????????, 1962 ???? ??????????? ?? 1963 ??????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???)
???? ??? ???? (1966 ??????? ???????????, 1967 ???? ???????????, 1968 ??????????? ??????????? ?? 1972 ?????? ???)
????? ????? (1974 ?????? ???, 1974 ??????? ???????????, 1975 ???? ??? ?? 1982 ??????????? ???)
???????? ?????????? (1978 ??????? ??????????, 1981 ??????????? ???, 1982 ?????? ??? ?? 1983 ???? ???)
?????? ????? (1987 ?????? ???, 1988 ??????????? ???, 1988 ??????? ?? 1988 ???? ???)
?????? ???????? (1999 ???? ???, 2002 ?????? ???, 2002 ??????? ?? 2003 ??????????? ???)

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????, ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????

?????? ?????? ?? ??? McGregor (1951-1952)
???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? (1953-56)
??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? (1959-60-62)
??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? (1965-67)
???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? (1994-95-98)
??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (1992-93-95-2000) - ? ?????? ?? ?????
??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? (06-05-2003) - ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (7):

??????? ??????? (1935-36-39)
??? ?????? (1957-58-59)
??? ????? (1962-64-67-77)
??? ???????? (1982-84-86-89)
??????? ????? (1983-87-89)
???? ???????? (1998-2002-03-05)
?????? ?????? (2002-04-07-08)

??????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? (1966-69-70)
???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? (1980-81)
???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? (1981-82-83-84)
???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? (1992-93)
?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? (1999-2000-01) - ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? (13):

???? ??? ????? (1942-46-50)
????? ????? (1947-48-50-51)
????? ????? ?????? (1950-51-57)
??????? ?????? (1956-1957)
????? ?????? (1958-60)
????? ????? ????? (1961-64)
???? ??????? ?????? (1964-66-69-70)
????????? ???? (1988-91-92-93)
????? ??????? (1989-91-93)
?????? ?????? (1989-90-93)
??? ??????? (1989-90-94)
???????? ?????? (1996-97-98)
????? ????? (06-01-2000)

??????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????????? ???, ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? (??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????)

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (1949-1951)
??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? (1964-65)
?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? (1969-75)

?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????:

???? ??????? (1965-66-67)
??? ????? (1961-70-77-79)
??? ???????? (1990-93-94-95)
????? ???????? (1992-93)
???? ????? (1997-99-2005-06)

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????:

???? ??? ???? (1967-68)
???????? ?????????? (1974-85-2003)
??????? ?????????? (05-02-2001)
???? ????? (2002-04-08-10)

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?????? (1983)

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??????????? (1983-1984)

??????? ??? ?????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ?????? ????? (???? ??? "?????? ?????? ?????") 1988 ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ^[6]

1928 ?? 1984 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? (????? 1968 ?? 1984 ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??); ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? (1960) ??? ???????? ?????????? / ??? ??????? (1984) ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???

????? ?????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???

??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? (?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????):
- ?????? ????? (1988 ?????? ???, 1988 ??????????? ???, 1988 ??????? ??????????, 1988 ??????? ????? ???? (??????? ???????) ?? 1988 ???? ???)
- ?????? ????? (1992 ???????, 1994 ???? ???, 1995 ??????????? ???, 1996 ??????? ????? ???? (????? ???????) ?? 1999 ?????? ???)
- ????? ???? (2005 ?????? ???, 2008 ???????, 2008 ??????? ????? ???? (????? ???????), 2009 ??????????? ??? ?? 2010 ???? ???)
????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? (?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????):
- ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (1992 ??????????? ???, 1992 ???? ???, 1993 ???????, 1996 ??????? ????? ???? (????? ?????) ?? 2000 ?????? ???)
- ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? (1999 ?????? ???, 1999 ???? ???, 2000 ???????, 2000 ??????? ????? ???? (??????? ?????) ?? 2001 ??????????? ???)
????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? :
- ???? ?????????? : ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 1992 ?? 1996 ?? ??????? ????? ???? (??????? ?????); ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 1988 ???? ???; ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 1991 ?????? ???; ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 1992 ???????? ??????????? ?? 1993 ??????????? ???.
- ?????? ?????? : 2002 ??????????? ??? ( ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???), 2007 ?????? ??? ( ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???), 2010 ?????? ??? (????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???), 2009 ??????? ?????????? (????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???), 2004 ???? ??? ( ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???) ?? 2000 ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ( ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???).

?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????

??????? ?? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?????????
- 1933: ???????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????
????? ????
- 1934: ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
???? ????????
- 1955: ??????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
???? ???
- 1956: ???????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????
???? ????
- 1958: ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
??? ??????
- 1964: ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
???? ??????
- 1974: ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ??? (1974 ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ^[7])
????? ???????
- 1988: ???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ???
???? ?????
- 2004: ???????????, ??????? ?? ???? ???
- 2006: ???????????, ??????? ?? ???? ???
- 2007: ???????????, ??????? ?? ???? ???
????? ????
- 2010: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???

??????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????
- 1928: ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
- 1929: ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
???????? ????? - 1970 ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????
- 1962: ???????????, ?????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
- 1965 ???????????, ??????? ?? ??.??. ???????????
- 1969: ???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ???
- 1973: ???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ???
???? ??? ????
- 1972: ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???
???????? ?????????? - 1983-84 ??? ?????? 6 ?????? ????? ????? ????
- 1983: ???????, ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ???
- 1984: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ????? - 1988 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????, 1988 ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???-??????? ??? ?????? ????? (1994 ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????)
- 1989: ??????????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
- 1993: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
- 1995: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
- 1996: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????
- 1991: ??????????? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???
- 1992: ??????????? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???
???????? ??????
- 1997: ??????????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ???????? - 2003 ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???-??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
- 2002: ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ????????
- 1928: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
??? ??? ???
- 1931: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
??? ?????????
- 1935: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
??? ????????
- 1950: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
??? ?????????
- 1952: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
?????? ??????
- 1952: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
??? ???????
- 1953: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
- 1956: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
???? ???
- 1953: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
- 1956: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
???? ???
- 1967: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ??.??. ???????????
??? ?????????
- 1967: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1973: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
??????? ?????
- 1987: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
- 1991: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
??? ????????
- 1991: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
???? ???????
- 1998: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????

??????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ??????? ?????????
- 1946: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1949: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
???? ??? ?????
- 1946: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1949: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1950: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
????? ?????
- 1951: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1952: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1953: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
????? ????? ??????
- 1951: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1952: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1953: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
??????? ??????
- 1957: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
??????? ?????
- 1962: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
????? ????? ?????
- 1964: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????
?????? ???? ????
- 1966: ??????????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
?????? ?????
- 1972: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
???????? ?????
- 1973: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
????????? ???
- 1973: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
????? ????? ????
- 1977: ??????????? ??? (?????), ???????, ??????????? ??? (??????)
???????? ??????????
- 1982: ?????? ???, ???????, ??????????? ???
- 1983: ???????, ???? ???, ??????????? ???
- 1986: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
- 1987: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
??? ???????
- 1983: ???????, ???? ???, ??????????? ???
- 1987: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
?????? ??????
- 1990: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
???? ?????????
- 1992: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
- 1993: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
- 1994: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
????? ???????
- 1992: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
- 1993: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
- 1994: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
- 1997: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
??? ???????
- 1990: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
- 1998: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
????????? ????? ????????
- 2004: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
????? ???????
- 2004: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
?????? ????????
- 2009: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
???? ????????
- 2009: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???

??????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ????????
- 1949: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
?????? ??????
- 1951: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1952: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
????? ?????
- 1951: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1952: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1953: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
??? ??????
- 1953: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
???????? ?????
- 1964: ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ??.??. ???????????
- 1969: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
???? ??? ????
- 1967: ?????? ???????????, ???????, ??.??. ???????????
?????? ?????
- 1969: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
??? ?????
- 1979: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
???????? ??????????
- 1985: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
????? ????????
- 1992: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ???????????
- 1984: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
?????? ?????
- 1988: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
??? ????????
- 2004: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????

?????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ???????
- 1987: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
?????????? ??????
- 1990: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???
- 1983: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
???? ????????????? ?? ??? ????????
- 1988: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
??? ??????
- 1994: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????
- 2004: ??????????? ???, ???????, ???? ???

?????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ??
- 1982: ?????? ???, ???????, ???? ???
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????
- 1995: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???? ???
?????????? ????????
- 2005: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
??????????? ??????????????
- 2006: ??????????? ???, ?????? ???, ???????
???????? ?????????
- 2007: ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ???

????? "??????? ???" [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? "??????? ???" ?????- ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????, ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? "??????? ???" ???? ???? ??:

??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? (?? 1998 ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1999 ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????).

?????? ????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????: ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? 4 ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???

???????????	???????	?????? #	??????????? ???	?????? ???	???????	???? ???	???????
Australia	?????? ??????	2	1952	1952	1951	1951	???? (MD)
United States	????? ?????	2	1950	1952	1952	1952	?????? (XD)
Australia	?????? ??????	2	1950	1952	1952	1952	?????? (XD)
Australia	??? ??????	2	1958	1960	1961	1960	???? (MD)
Australia	???????? ?????	2	1964	1964	1965	1962	?????? (XD)
Australia	???????? ?????	2	1961	1964	1965	1965	????????? (WS)
Australia	???????? ?????	3	1965	1965	1966	1963	?????? (XD)
Australia	??? ??????	2	1963	1967	1965	1964	???? (MS)
Australia	??? ??????	2	1966	1961	1961	1960	???? (MD)
Australia	???????? ?????	4	1969	1969	1968	1964	?????? (XD)
Australia	???????? ?????	2	1962	1965	1969	1968	????????? (WD)
Australia	??? ????	2	1962	1969	1962	1969	???? (MS)
Australia	???????? ?????	3	1962	1969	1970	1969	????????? (WS)
Australia	??? ???????	2	1956	1968	1956	1969	???? (MD)
Australia	??? ??????	3	1969	1962	1971	1965	???? (MD)
Australia	??? ?????????	2	1967	1969	1966	1971	???? (MD)
Australia	??? ?????????	3	1971	1973	1968	1973	???? (MD)
United States	???????? ??????????	2	1982	1982	1979	1978	????????? (WD)
United States	???????? ??????????	2	1983	1984	1979	1984	????????? (WS)
United States	???????? ??????????	3	1983	1984	1981	1980	????????? (WD)
United States	????? ?????	2	1984	1975	1976	1976	????????? (WS)
United States	???????? ??????????	4	1984	1985	1982	1983	????????? (WD)
United States	??? ???????	2	1983	1985	1982	1984	????????? (WD)
United States	???????? ??????????	5	1985	1986	1983	1984	????????? (WD)
United States	???????? ??????????	6	1987	1987	1984	1986	????????? (WD)
United States	??? ???????	3	1984	1987	1983	1986	????????? (WD)
United States	???????? ??????????	7	1988	1988	1986	1987	????????? (WD)
United States	??? ???????	4	1985	1988	1984	1987	????????? (WD)
West Germany	?????? ?????	2	1989	1988	1989	1989	????????? (WS)
Germany	?????? ?????	3	1990	1993	1991	1993	????????? (WS)
Puerto Rico	???? ?????????	2	1994	1992	1993	1990	????????? (WD)
Belarus	????? ???????	2	1994	1992	1992	1992	????????? (WD)
Germany	?????? ?????	4	1994	1995	1992	1995	????????? (WS)
Belarus	????? ???????	3	1997	1993	1993	1995	????????? (WD)
Czech Republic	??? ???????	2	1995	1991	1990	1997	????????? (WD)
United States	?????? ????????	2	2003	2010	2002	2009	????????? (WD)
United States	???? ????????	2	2003	2010	2002	2009	????????? (WD)

???? (MS) - ????? ??????
????????? (WS) - ??????? ???????
???? (MD)- ????? ?????
????????? (WD) - ??????? ?????
?????? (XD) - ??????? ?????

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

Tennis ???????????

??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????
???? ??? (?????) ???????? ?? ????
????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
????? ??????

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ ????? ?????????. " [1] Archived 2011-12-20 at the ????? ???? "
↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 11 ?? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 8 ??????? 2010 .
↑ Drucker, Joel (2008-10-16). "ESPN: Graf's Golden Slam" . ESPN . ??? ?? 11 ????? 2012 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2010-08-03 .
↑ Riley, Scott (2005). "The Sports Network" . ??? ?? 29 ??? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2010-08-03 .
↑ Stratte-McClure, Joel (June 25, 1984). 20088137,00.html "Martina Navratilova Takes the Grand Slam and Nets a Cool Million While She's at It" ?????? |url= ??? ( ??? ) . people.com . ?????? ???? July 29, 2009 . ^{[
??? ???????
]}
↑ Tandon, Kamakshi (January 5, 2009). "Gold Standard: Graf mints Golden Slam in 1988" . tennis.com . ??? ?? 14 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? June 26, 2009 .
↑ ?????:ATP . 19-09-2010 ?? ???????????.

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

Grand Slam (tennis) ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???

?????:Grand Slam Tournaments

?????:Grand Slam champions ?????:Main world championships

[1] ????? ?????????. " [1] Archived 2011-12-20 at the ????? ???? "

[2] "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 11 ?? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 8 ??????? 2010 .

[3] Drucker, Joel (2008-10-16). "ESPN: Graf's Golden Slam" . ESPN . ??? ?? 11 ????? 2012 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2010-08-03 .

[4] Riley, Scott (2005). "The Sports Network" . ??? ?? 29 ??? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2010-08-03 .

[people.com-5] Stratte-McClure, Joel (June 25, 1984). 20088137,00.html "Martina Navratilova Takes the Grand Slam and Nets a Cool Million While She's at It" ?????? |url= ??? ( ??? ) . people.com . ?????? ???? July 29, 2009 . ^{[
??? ???????
]}

[tennis.com-6] Tandon, Kamakshi (January 5, 2009). "Gold Standard: Graf mints Golden Slam in 1988" . tennis.com . ??? ?? 14 ????? 2009 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? June 26, 2009 .

[7] ?????:ATP . 19-09-2010 ?? ???????????.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

?? ?? ?? Tennis
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