한국   대만   중국   일본 
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???? ???????? , ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????-????????? ???????? ( ???? ) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? "????????" ??? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ????????????? ?? ?????????????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? (??????????) ?? ????? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???. ???????? ???????? ??? ??-??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ?ναβολ? ??????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ???? ?? "??? ??? ??? ????" ?? ?????????? ????, ????? ???? ?νδρ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ???? "?? ???? ??"+-γεν?? -??? "????".

???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? 1930 ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????, ????? ???? , ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? [1]

???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? (?????-????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????), ???????, ???? ???????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ??? ?? ????? ????????) ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????

??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? "????????" ???? ???? ??, ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? [2] [3] ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????

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????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????, 17β-???????????-4-???????????-3-?? ?? ???????? ??????

?????? ???????? ?? ????????, ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? 19 ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? [4] ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? 1931 ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? 15 ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????, ????????? ??????? ?????? 1934 ??? ????????? ???? ???? [5]

1930 ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????. [5] [6] ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? 1935 ??? ?????? ??????, ?. ??????????, ??. ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? (?????????????) ?? ?? ?? ???" [7] ???????? ?? ??????? ??, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??? ????. ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??, ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? "? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????" ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? [8] ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?. ????????? ?? ?? ??????? "?? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? (???????????-3-??-17-???) ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? [9] ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1939 ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? [5] [6]

???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???, ????? ?????? 1937 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? [5] 1938 ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??; ??.?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? [5] ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? [10] ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? [11] ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???, [11] ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? [10]

???????? ???? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ???????? ??????????????????? (????????) ?? ???????? ??????. 17α-????????? (???? ????? ????) ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???

????????????? ?? ????????-??????? ??? ?? ???? 1940 ?? ??? ??? ?? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? [12] ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ?? ??? ?????????????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 1958 ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? (?????) ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? [13] 1976 ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? '??????????? ?? ????' ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? [2]

???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???: ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 17- ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????, 17-???? ????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? [14]

?????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????

??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??: ????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? 1/6 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??, ????????????? ????????? 17 ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?? ??????????????. ?? ??????, ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???

????????????? ?? ?????? ????-???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? ???????????, ???????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??, ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? [15] ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? (????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? [16]

?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???, ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???-?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? [3] [17]

?????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ?? ?????: Steroid hormone
????????????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? [18] ??????? ?? ???, ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???

???????? ???????? ?? ?????????????????, ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???, ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????-???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? [19] ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? [20] ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? [2] ??????????????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? [21]

??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??: [22] ????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ?????, ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? [23] ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???-??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? [24] ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? (BMR) ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???

???? ?? ??????????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ???????????: ????
????? ??? ??????? [15]
?????? ??????
????????????? 1:1
?????????????????? 1:1
????????????????? 1:2
???????????? 1:3
????????????? 1:3-1:13
??????????? ???????? 1:2.5?1:4

???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???, ????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???: ????????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? (?????? ?????) ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? (?? ??????????? ), ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????

?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????, ??? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? [25] [26] [27]

???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? (????? ??? ?? ????? ?????). ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ??, (????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??) ?? ????????-????????? ????? ?? ????? (???, ?????, ????? ???), ???? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. [28]

???????????: AAS ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???????????-??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? (???? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????) ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ??? ??????????????, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????????. ??????????:???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??, ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? [15]

????????:?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? 1950 ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????????? (????) ?? ???????? ??????. ??.??. ???, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? AAS ???? ????. LA/VP ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??.??. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? (LA c,t ?LA c )/(VP c,t ?VP c ) ???? ?? ???????? ??? LA/VP ??? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? (????? ?? 0.3?0.4), ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? AAS ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ??????????:???????? ?????? ???? ?? (???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??). [21] [29] 2000 ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???

??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? (<10 ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 2-5 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???) ?? ????? ???? ???, ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????-?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? AAS ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??, ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? [30]

???? (????, ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????) ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????. AAS ???????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? I ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? AAS ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????-???? ??? ?? ???? ???, ????? AAS ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? 6-12 ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? [30]

??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? 5-20% ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????. [31] ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??. [32] [33] 1996 ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? 10 ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? 600 ?????????/?????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? [31] [34] ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???. [34] ??? ????? ???? ?? 2001 ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????-?????? ??? [30] [35]

?????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????-?????? ???, ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? , ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???, [36] ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????????: ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? [37] ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????. [38] ???????? ????????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? [39] ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? [40] [41] ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???, ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??. [42] [43] ????????????? ?? ?????????????????????? ??? ???????? (DHT) ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? [44]

???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? (17α-???????????) ??????? ??? ???? ?????-???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? [45]

???????? ???????? ?? ?????-????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ??????????????? (?? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??) ??? ???? ??, ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? [46] ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? [47] [48] [49] ?? ???? ?????-????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? (?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??). ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??: ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? [50] ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? [51]

????? ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???

?????? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????????, ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? (????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????), ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????????. [52]

???? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????, ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? [53] ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ???????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???. [54] ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??. [55] [56] ???????, ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ??????? ??? ??? [57] [58]

????????????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

CNS ?????? ??? 2005 ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? "?????, ?????????, ??????, ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? AAS ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? [59] AAS ?? ???? ????????, ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? AAS ?? ???????? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????-???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? AAS ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? [60] ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ????? AAS ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????-?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? [61] ?????? ??????? (???? ?????, ????-??????, ?????? ?????) ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? AAS ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? AAS ???????????? ??? ???? ??? [62]

AAS ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? [60] 2003 ???, ???? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? AAS ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? [63] 2006 ??? ?? 13 ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? 320 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ?? ?? AAS ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? [64]

????????? ?? ??????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

1980 ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? " ??? ??? " (?????? ?????) AAS ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? (?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??). [65]

2005 ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???, ????? ??? ????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??, ????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? AAS ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ??? ??, ??????? ???-???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??. [66] ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? 2008 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????-?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??. [67] 1996 ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????. [68]

?? ????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? 43 ??????? ????? ??, ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? 600 ?????????/?????? ?? 10 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? [34] [69] 600 ??????/?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? 2000 ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? YMRS ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??, ?????: 84% ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????, 12% ????? ??????????? ?? ?? 4% (2 ????) ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????????, ????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? [70]

???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? 2006 ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????, ????????????, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? "?????????" ??????? ??? ???? ??? [71] AAS ?? 10 ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? [72]

????? ?? ????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

AAS ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? [73] , ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? 1992 ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. [74]

?? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??, ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????????. ??????, ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????. ???? ????, ????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??????????????????. ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? [75]

???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????

1930 ?? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???

  • ????? ????? ????????: ????? ??, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? [76] ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? (???? ?????? ?????) ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ????
  • ????? ????????: ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? [77] ?????, ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????, ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???
  • ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????: ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? [78] [79]
  • ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????: ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ???-????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? [80]
  • ????????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????, ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? [49] [81]
  • ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? [82] [83] [84] ???????, 2006 ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????-????? ?? ???????-????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? [85]
  • ????????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? [86] [87] [88] [89]
  • ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ???? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????-??-????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? [90]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ?? ?????: Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids
???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???????

???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? 1 ?????? ?? ???? 3 ?????? ????? ?? (????? ?? 1%) AAS ?? ???????? ???? ???

[91] ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 25 ???? ?? ?? ?? ???-????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???-????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? [92] ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? AAS ?? ???-???????? ????? 1% ?? ???? ?? ??? [93] ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? 78.4% ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???-????? ?? ???? 13% ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????, ???-????? ???? ?? ???? ???? [94] , ?????? 2007 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???-???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??, ?? 1% ?? ?? ??? [16] 2007 ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???-???????? ???????????? ?? 74% ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? [16] ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???-???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? [16] ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???; ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ???-???????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? [95]

???????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? [96] ?? ?????? ?? ??????, AAS ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 56% ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? AAS ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? [97] 2007 ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???-???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? 66% ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??, 58% ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??, 92% ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???-???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? 99% ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????-?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? [16] ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? AAS ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? [98] ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????.

???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ???, ?????? , ??????, ??????? ?????? ????, ??????????, ?????? ?? ??????? . ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???-????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 2.7% ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? [99] ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????

?????? ?? ??? ???????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? , ????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ???? ???, ?????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ???????????, ??????, ??????, ???? , ????, ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???.

??????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???-??? ????? ??? ????? ??: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??, ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???, ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? III ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? [100] ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? IV ?????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??, ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??, ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? 18 ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? [101] ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????, [102] ??????????, ??????? ?? ???????? [103] ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??, ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????

??????? ????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ??????? ???? ??????? 2007 ??? "?????? ?? ???" ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????

???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 1980 ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? 1988 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????? (????), ???? ???????????? ?????????????? (????), ????? ??? ???? ??????? (?????) ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? (NIDA) ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??, ???????? ???????? ?? 1990 ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? III ??? ???? ???? ???? [104]

??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1990 ?? ??? ?? ????? ??, ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???, ????, ?????, ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???, ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?? (?????????, ??????????? ?? ???????????????? ?? ?????) ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? 2004 ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??????????? ?? 20 ????? 2005 ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? [105]

???????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? ?????? ???, ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? 4 ??? ??? ?? 2 ????? ??? ??????? ??; ??? 1 ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ?? ??? 2 ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? 4 ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???

??? ??? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ?? ?????: Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport

???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? [106] , ?????? [107] , ????? ?????????? ???????? [108] , ????????? ???? ??? [109] ?? ????????? ?????? ??? [110] ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????-?????? ?????? (WADA), ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????-????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. [111] [112] ????? ?? ????????? ??????-?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? [113] ???? ?? 2000 ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? [114] 2006 ???, ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? WADA ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? [115] , ?????? [116] , ???????? [117] ?? ?????? [118] ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????

????? ?? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????, ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????-????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 30 ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????????????-??? ???????????????? ?? ??? ??????????????-??? ????????????????. [119] [120] [121] [122]

???? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ???: Illegal trade in anabolic steroids
???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? DEA ?? "?????? ?? ???" ?? ????? 2007 ??? ???? ???? ???

???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??. [123] ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? [124] [125] ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? [126]

2000 ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??? AAS ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2006 ??? ????? ?????????? ?? 11.8 ?????? AAS ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? 11.4 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? 2008 ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???, ???????????? ???? ????? ?? AAS ?? ??????? 300 ??????? ???? ????? [127]

???????, ????? ?? ????? ???, ???? ???????? ?? ???-??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???-??? ???, ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??, ????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? [128] ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???, ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? [129]

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

  • ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????
  • ???????? ?????
  • ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ ????? ??????, "?????????? ??????????? ??????" ???? ??????? ???, ???? ?? ??????????, ???????-????, "????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????", SLACK ?????, 2005 ISBN 1-55642 ??. 330
  2. ↑ ? ? ? ????????? ?? ??????? (2004), ??. 515
  3. ↑ ? ? Kicman AT, Gower DB (2003). "Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives" . Annals of clinical biochemistry . 40 (Pt 4): 321?56. PMID   12880534 . ????? : 10.1258/000456303766476977 . ??? ?? 29 ??? 2012 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 22 ??????? 2010 . ??????? ?????? |month= ?? ??????? ?? ??? ( ??? )
  4. ↑ Kuhn CM (2002). "Anabolic steroids" . Recent Prog. Horm. Res . 57 : 411?34. PMID   12017555 . ????? : 10.1210/rp.57.1.411 . ??? ?? 4 ????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 22 ??????? 2010 .
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  119. ↑ ?????? ??, ????? ??, ??????????? ??, ????? ??, ??????? Schanzer ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?? ??? ???????????. 43: 877-891, 2008.
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  128. ↑ "Steroids" . National Institute on Drug Abuse . GDCADA. ??? ?? 11 ?????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2007-09-13 .
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?????:Anabolic steroids

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