????? ???????? ?????????? ??
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????-???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????-???? ??? ??? ??? ????
???? ?????? ?????????
(
????
: Ива?н IV Васи?льевич,
?????????
: Ivan IV Vasilyevich
, ????: 25 ????? 1530, ??????: 28 ????? 1584), ???? ????? ??
???? ?????
(
Ива?н Гро?зный, Ivan the Terrible
) ??? ???? ?? 1533-1547 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? 1547 ?? ???? 1584 ??? ???? ????? ??
???
??
?????
(??????) ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??
??????
?????
,
??????????? ?????
?? (???? ????????? ??)
????? ?????
?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? 40,46,856 ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? (???? ??????
????
?? ???? ??? ????) ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???-???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????
???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???-??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? (???? ????????) ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? (?????? ?????? ?? ?????) ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???
[1]
- ↑
Russia & Belarus
, Simon Richmond, Mark Elliott, Patrick Horton, Steve Kokker, pp. 39, Lonely Planet, 2006,
ISBN 978-1-74104-291-7
,
... In a fit of rage he even killed his eldest son and heir, Ivan. His subsequent career was indeed terrible, though he was admired for upholding Russian interests and tradition ... acquiring the whole Volga region and a chunk of the Caspian Sea coast, and opening the way to Siberia ...
