???????
?? ????????
??????????????(???????????????)
?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? (???????, ???, ????, ????????, ????-?????? ???) ?? ????
????
(???????
??????????
) ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
[1]
????????????
?? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????? (
????????
,
?????????
, ????????,
?????????? ?????
,
?????
,
????????????
,
?????? ?????
(IC) ???) ?? ?????? ???? ???????
??????? ?????
?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? (manipulation) ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???-??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???
???????? ??? ?? ????????????? ???
??????? ????????????
?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???-??? ?????????, ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????-????? ?? ????????? ????????? (???? ??????, ??????? ??????, ???? ????????????? ???) ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????-????? ?? ?????????? (????????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???) ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ???
???????????? ???????????? ?? ???
[
??????? ????
]
??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??:
?????? ?????????????
[
??????? ????
]
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? (??????) ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????????-???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???
??????? ???????????
?? ????? ??? ??-?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???????? ? ????
?????? ?? ????? ?????????????
[
??????? ????
]
????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????/??, ??/??, ???/????, ??/??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (???????????? ??????) ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????
?????????
Archived
2023-11-29 at the
????? ????
(????) ??? ???-???, ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????-?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????
?????? ?????? ??????????
(????? ????? ????????) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ???
????????????? ?? ??????
[
??????? ????
]
????????????? ?? ?????? ???
??????
???
????????
?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??
??????? ????? ?????
??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????-???????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???
????????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???:
- ????
???
???????
?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????
- ????
???
??? ??????????
??? ???????
?????? ??????
??
???????????
?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ???????-????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????-???? ?????? ??? ????
- ????
???
?????? ?????
?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ???-??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ??????????? ?? ??? ??-?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??? ??-?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????, ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???
- ↑
[Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary, W & R Chambers, Edinburgh, 1972, page 417,
ISBN 055010206X
]
- ????????????? ????????-????? ????????
- Navy 1998 Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (NEETS)
- DOE 1998 Electrical Science, Fundamentals Handbook, 4 vols.
- Vol. 1, Basic Electrical Theory, Basic DC Theory
Archived
2008-03-07 at the
????? ????
- Vol. 2, DC Circuits, Batteries, Generators, Motors
Archived
2008-03-07 at the
????? ????
- Vol. 3, Basic AC Theory, Basic AC Reactive Components, Basic AC Power, Basic AC Generators
Archived
2008-03-07 at the
????? ????
- Vol. 4, AC Motors, Transformers, Test Instruments & Measuring Devices, Electrical Distribution Systems
Archived
2008-03-07 at the
????? ????
- Lessons in Electric Circuits
- A free series of textbooks on the subjects of electricity and electronics.
|
---|
??????
| |
---|
????? ????
| |
---|
???????????? ?????
| |
---|
?????????
| |
---|