???????

?????????? ??????? ?????????? (Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus; / ? d ? z ? ? d ??r i ? s ? ? r æ z m ? s / ; Dutch: [?deːzi?deːri?s e?r?sm?s] ; ??????: ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ; 28 ??????? 1466 (????) ? 12 ????? 1536) ?? ???? ?????????? , ??????? ??????????? , ?????????? , ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ^[1] ???? ????????, ????????, ???????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[2]^[3]

?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???, ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??-????? ?? ?????-????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ?? 70 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???

???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????
????? ???, ?? ???? (?? ?????? ?? ??????), ?? ????, ?? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ????
????? ??? ??? 1499 ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??
???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????

??????? ???? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 1460 ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? 27 ?? 28 ??????? ?? ???? ^[4] ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? (??? ?????) ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? (???????? ????) ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ^[5] ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????

??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1466 ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 1469 ??? ???? ^[6]^:8 (?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 1466 ??? ??? ??? ^[7]^[8] ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? 1469 ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 1466 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? "20 ??? (???? 23 ???)"?)

???? ????-???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???, ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ^[9] ????????? 1450 ???? 60 ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? 6 ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ^[10]^:196

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ "?????? ????? ????? ???????:?? ?? ????? ?? ???, ???? ???? ???? ????? - ?????????? ???????" . ????? ?????? . 2021-09-12.
↑ ??????, ????? ??. "Desiderius Erasmus Biography & Facts" . ??????????????? ?????????? .
↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Desiderius Erasmus" . www.newadvent.org . ?????? ???? 2024-02-12 .
↑ Olin, John (23 ??????? 2020). "Introduction: Erasmus, a Biographical Sketch". Christian Humanism and the Reformation : 1?38. ????? : 10.1515/9780823295289-004 .
↑ Avarucci, Giuseppe (1983). "Due codici scritti da 'Gerardus Helye' padre di Erasmo" . Italia Medioevale e Umanistica (?????? ???). 26 : 215?55, esp. 238?39.
↑ Vredeveld, Harry (Winter 1993). "The Ages of Erasmus and the Year of his Birth" . Renaissance Quarterly . ???? 46 ???. 4. ???? 754?809. JSTOR 3039022 .
↑ Nauert, Charles? "Desiderius Erasmus". Winter 2009 ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?
↑ Gleason, John B. (Spring 1979). "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence". Renaissance Quarterly . ???? 32 ???. 1. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America. ???? 73?76. JSTOR 2859872 .
↑ Cornelius Augustijn, Erasmus: His life, work and influence , ???????? ?????????????, 1991
↑ Mansfield, Bruce (2003-12-31). Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000 . University of Toronto Press. ???????????? 978-1-4426-7455-4 . ????? : 10.3138/9781442674554 .

[1] "?????? ????? ????? ???????:?? ?? ????? ?? ???, ???? ???? ???? ????? - ?????????? ???????" . ????? ?????? . 2021-09-12.

[2] ??????, ????? ??. "Desiderius Erasmus Biography & Facts" . ??????????????? ?????????? .

[3] "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Desiderius Erasmus" . www.newadvent.org . ?????? ???? 2024-02-12 .

[4] Olin, John (23 ??????? 2020). "Introduction: Erasmus, a Biographical Sketch". Christian Humanism and the Reformation : 1?38. ????? : 10.1515/9780823295289-004 .

[5] Avarucci, Giuseppe (1983). "Due codici scritti da 'Gerardus Helye' padre di Erasmo" . Italia Medioevale e Umanistica (?????? ???). 26 : 215?55, esp. 238?39.

[vredeveld-6] Vredeveld, Harry (Winter 1993). "The Ages of Erasmus and the Year of his Birth" . Renaissance Quarterly . ???? 46 ???. 4. ???? 754?809. JSTOR 3039022 .

[seop2009-7] Nauert, Charles? "Desiderius Erasmus". Winter 2009 ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?

[gleason1979-8] Gleason, John B. (Spring 1979). "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence". Renaissance Quarterly . ???? 32 ???. 1. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America. ???? 73?76. JSTOR 2859872 .

[ReferenceA-9] Cornelius Augustijn, Erasmus: His life, work and influence , ???????? ?????????????, 1991

[10] Mansfield, Bruce (2003-12-31). Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000 . University of Toronto Press. ???????????? 978-1-4426-7455-4 . ????? : 10.3138/9781442674554 .

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