????

????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ^[1]^[2] ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? , ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ( ????? ) ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ⁵

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ Strathern, Paul (2000). Mendeleyev's Dream ? The Quest For the Elements . New York: Berkley Books. ???????????? 0-425-18467-6 .
↑ Levey, Martin (1973). Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources . Brill Archive. ??? 9. ???????????? 90-04-03796-9 .

?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????

[1] Strathern, Paul (2000). Mendeleyev's Dream ? The Quest For the Elements . New York: Berkley Books. ???????????? 0-425-18467-6 .

[2] Levey, Martin (1973). Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources . Brill Archive. ??? 9. ???????????? 90-04-03796-9 .

[1]

[2]