?????? ??????

??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? (economic efficiency) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ^[1]^[2]

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? - ????? ?? ????

??? ?????? ?100 ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? 100 ????? ?? ?? 200 ????? ???? ???? ???
????? ?????? ?200 ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 200 ????? ?? ?? 100 ????? ???? ???? ???
?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? 10 ????? ?? 20 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????
???????? ????? ????-??-???? 3000 ????? ?? ?? 3000 ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????
?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? (???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???)?

??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? 3000 ????? ?? ?? 2000 ????? ???? ?????? 10 ????? ?? ???? 10 ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?3000 ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? (inefficient) ???

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ Barr, N. (2004). Economics of the welfare state. New York, Oxford University Press (USA).
↑ "Sickles, R., & Zelenyuk, V. (2019). Measurement of Productivity and Efficiency: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139565981" (PDF) . ??? (PDF) ?? 10 ?? 2019 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ????? 2020 .

[1] Barr, N. (2004). Economics of the welfare state. New York, Oxford University Press (USA).

[2] "Sickles, R., & Zelenyuk, V. (2019). Measurement of Productivity and Efficiency: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139565981" (PDF) . ??? (PDF) ?? 10 ?? 2019 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 6 ????? 2020 .

[1]

[2]