?????

???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ??????? , ?????, ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???, ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??. ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??;????, ???????, ??? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ???????????, ??????? ?? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? , ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??: ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????????? (???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??) ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???

???????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????? (Epicurus) ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ????????? ???? ????? ^[1] ?? ?????????? ??, ???? ?? ????????, "????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ^[2] ????? (cicero)(????? ???? ?????? ??????????) ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? (??, ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????). ^[3] 12 ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??. ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? "???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???" ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???,:"??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????." ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? " ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? " ?? " ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??" ???????" ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ^[4] ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? "??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??". ^[5] 19 ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ^[6]

???? ?? ????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? - ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??; ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? (????? ????) ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???

???????? ??? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??, ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? (septum pellucidium) ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ^[7], ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? (hypothalamus) ?? ?????? ???? ???? ^[8] ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ^[9](dopamine) ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? (endorphines) ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???

???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???) ^[10] ?? ??? ?????? ^[11] ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???, ??? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????? (???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????????) ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ^[12] ??? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??: ?? ?????????? (ethologists) ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??. ^[13]

????????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??: ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ ????? ?????? ???????? Archived 2016-02-12 at the ????? ???? , [1] Archived 2016-02-12 at the ????? ???? ?????? III.
↑ ???????? ?? ???? Archived 2016-01-18 at the ????? ???? , [2] Archived 2016-01-18 at the ????? ???? ???? 131-2.
↑ ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ??? I Archived 2018-01-29 at the ????? ???? , ?????? IX ??????, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????
↑ Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health . 43 (4): 357?377 [370]. ????? : 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z .
↑ Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health . 43 (4): 357?377 [371]. ????? : 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z .
↑ ?????????? ??? ????????? Archived 2017-12-01 at the ????? ???? , ?????? 1, ???? ???? ???? 1.
↑ Walsh, Anthony (1991). The Science of Love ? Understanding Love and its Effects on Mind and Body . Prometheus Books. ???????????? 0-87975-648-9 .
↑ ?????? ??? (ER), ????????? (Schwartz) ???? (JH), ????? ???? (TM). ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? , ?????? ???????. ???????-???, ????????? (2000). ISBN 0-8385-7701-6
↑ Giuliano, F.; Allard J. (2001). "Dopamine and male sexual function". Eur Urol . 40 (6): 601?608. PMID 11805404 . ????? : 10.1159/000049844 .
↑ Bentham, Jeremy (1996). An Introduction to the Principles of Moral Legislation . Oxford: ????????? ??????????? ????? . ???????????? 978-0-19-820516-6 . ??? ?? 2 ??????? 2019 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 23 ??????? 2019 .
↑ ???? ?? ????????, ??? 6, ?????? 2, ??? 2001, ????. 22-30, ???????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? Archived 2016-03-04 at the ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ?????: ????? ??? ??????
↑ ?????????? ?. 2007. Archived 2010-04-15 at the ????? ???? ????????. Archived 2010-04-15 at the ????? ???? , ??. ??????, ??., ????-??? ?? ????? ?? ????????, ???? 60-66, ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????????, ????.
↑ ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? Archived 2011-08-08 at the ????? ???? , 24 ????? 2008.

??? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?????. ' ??? ??????? ??????: ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? (2010) 280 ?????. ????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????, ????????????, ??? ????? ???????? ?? ? ? ???????? ??????????? ??.

[Epicurus1-1] ????? ?????? ???????? Archived 2016-02-12 at the ????? ???? , [1] Archived 2016-02-12 at the ????? ???? ?????? III.

[Epicurus2-2] ???????? ?? ???? Archived 2016-01-18 at the ????? ???? , [2] Archived 2016-01-18 at the ????? ???? ???? 131-2.

[Epicurus3-3] ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ??? I Archived 2018-01-29 at the ????? ???? , ?????? IX ??????, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????

[4] Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health . 43 (4): 357?377 [370]. ????? : 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z .

[5] Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health . 43 (4): 357?377 [371]. ????? : 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z .

[Schopenhauer-6] ?????????? ??? ????????? Archived 2017-12-01 at the ????? ???? , ?????? 1, ???? ???? ???? 1.

[7] Walsh, Anthony (1991). The Science of Love ? Understanding Love and its Effects on Mind and Body . Prometheus Books. ???????????? 0-87975-648-9 .

[8] ?????? ??? (ER), ????????? (Schwartz) ???? (JH), ????? ???? (TM). ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? , ?????? ???????. ???????-???, ????????? (2000). ISBN 0-8385-7701-6

[PMID11805404-9] Giuliano, F.; Allard J. (2001). "Dopamine and male sexual function". Eur Urol . 40 (6): 601?608. PMID 11805404 . ????? : 10.1159/000049844 .

[Bentham-10] Bentham, Jeremy (1996). An Introduction to the Principles of Moral Legislation . Oxford: ????????? ??????????? ????? . ???????????? 978-0-19-820516-6 . ??? ?? 2 ??????? 2019 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 23 ??????? 2019 .

[11] ???? ?? ????????, ??? 6, ?????? 2, ??? 2001, ????. 22-30, ???????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? Archived 2016-03-04 at the ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ?????: ????? ??? ??????

[Horowitz-12] ?????????? ?. 2007. Archived 2010-04-15 at the ????? ???? ????????. Archived 2010-04-15 at the ????? ???? , ??. ??????, ??., ????-??? ?? ????? ?? ????????, ???? 60-66, ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????????, ????.

[Times-13] ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? Archived 2011-08-08 at the ????? ???? , 24 ????? 2008.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]