??????? ???

	???????? ??? ; ???????? ??? ????? ????
	??????? ?? ???????? (?????) ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????
??????- ??	G 30. , F 00.
??????- ?	331.0 , 290.1
???????	104300
???????-????	490
??????? ????	000760
????????	neuro/13
??.?????	D000544

???????? ??? ( ????????? : Alzheimer's Disease ) ??? '????? ?? ???' ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????, ?????? ? ?? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???

??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???

?? ????-???? ????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????

????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? (???????) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????, ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????

???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???

???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????-???? ??????? ????? ??, ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???
??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?? ???????? ???? (?????????) ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???, ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???

10 ??????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

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??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? - ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???
???? ?? ??? ?????? - ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? - ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
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????????? ??? ??? ?????? - ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???
????? ?? ????-???? ???? - ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????-???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? (??????) ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???
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?????? ???? ??? ??????? - ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???

??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???

?????/??? (?????) ?? ?? (?????) ?? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????/ ??? (?????) ?? ?? (?????) ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???, ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ^[1] ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ?????, ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????, ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????????????????????, ???? ??????? , ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ^[2] ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ^[3] ???????, ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???, ???????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ^[4]

???-????????? ?????? ?????? ????? (NSAIDs) ?? ?????????? ????? ?? 2007 ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ^[5] ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? NSAIDs ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? [13] ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ????? 2011 ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ^[6] ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ^[7]

???? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ^[8] ???????????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ^[9]

??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?, ^[10]??, ^[11]??????? ? ?? ??????-?????????? ???, ^[12] ????????, ????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 12? ^[13] ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?? ?????-?????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ^[14] ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? "?????" ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? (?? 9) ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ^[15] ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? -3 ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? (?????) ??, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ^[16]

2010 ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ^[17] ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? [?? ?] 2008 ??, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???; ^[18] ???????, ???????????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ^[19] ???????, ???????????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ^[20]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ Hsu D, Marshall GA (2017). "Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials in Alzheimer Disease: Looking Back, Moving Forward" . Current Alzheimer Research . 14 (4): 426?40. PMID 27697063 . ????? : 10.2174/1567205013666160930112125 . ????????? 5329133 .
↑ Patterson C, Feightner JW, Garcia A, Hsiung GY, MacKnight C, Sadovnick AD (February 2008). "Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 1. Risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer disease" . CMAJ . 178 (5): 548?56. PMID 18299540 . ????? : 10.1503/cmaj.070796 . ????????? 2244657 .
↑ Ding, Jie; Davis-Plourde, Kendra L; Sedaghat, Sanaz; Tully, Phillip J; Wang, Wanmei; Phillips, Caroline; Pase, Matthew P; Himali, Jayandra J; Gwen Windham, B; Griswold, Michael; Gottesman, Rebecca; Mosley, Thomas H; White, Lon; Guðnason, Vilmundur; Debette, Stephanie; Beiser, Alexa S; Seshadri, Sudha; Arfan Ikram, M; Meirelles, Osorio; Tzourio, Christophe; Launer, Lenore J (November 2019). "Antihypertensive medications and risk for incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies". The Lancet Neurology . 19 (1): 61?70. PMID 31706889 . ????? : 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30393-X .
↑ Reiss AB, Wirkowski E (2007). "Role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in neurological disorders : progress to date". Drugs . 67 (15): 2111?20. PMID 17927279 . ????? : 10.2165/00003495-200767150-00001 .
↑ Szekely CA, Town T, Zandi PP (2007). NSAIDs for the chemoprevention of Alzheimer's disease . Sub-Cellular Biochemistry . Subcellular Biochemistry. 42 . ???? 229?48. PMID 17612054 . ???????????? 978-1-4020-5687-1 . ????? : 10.1007/1-4020-5688-5_11 .
↑ Hoozemans JJ, Veerhuis R, Rozemuller JM, Eikelenboom P (February 2011). "Soothing the inflamed brain: effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Alzheimer's disease pathology". CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets . 10 (1): 57?67. PMID 21143138 . ????? : 10.2174/187152711794488665 .
↑ Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J (January 2017). "Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women" . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 1 : CD004143. PMID 28093732 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD004143.pub5 . ????????? 6465148 .
↑ Santos C, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N (2010). "Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease . 20 Suppl 1: S187?204. PMID 20182026 . ????? : 10.3233/JAD-2010-091387 .
↑ Nehlig A (March 2013). "The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance" . British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (Review). 75 (3): 716?27. PMID 22775434 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04378.x . ????????? 3575938 .
↑ Ono K, Yamada M (April 2012). "Vitamin A and Alzheimer's disease". Geriatrics & Gerontology International (Review). 12 (2): 180?88. PMID 22221326 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00786.x .
↑ Heo JH, Lee KM (March 2013). "The possible role of antioxidant vitamin C in Alzheimer's disease treatment and prevention". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (Review). 28 (2): 120?25. PMID 23307795 . ????? : 10.1177/1533317512473193 .
↑ Farina N, Llewellyn D, Isaac MG, Tabet N (April 2017). "Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment" . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 4 : CD002854. PMID 28418065 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD002854.pub5 . ????????? 6478142 .
↑ Malouf R, Grimley Evans J (October 2008). "Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD004514. PMID 18843658 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2 .
↑ "New Simple Blood Test May Help In Identifying Alzheimer's Disease" . Esxnews . 2018-08-03. ??? ?? 21 ????? 2020 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 16 ?????? 2020 .
↑ Wald DS, Kasturiratne A, Simmonds M (June 2010). "Effect of folic acid, with or without other B vitamins, on cognitive decline: meta-analysis of randomized trials" . The American Journal of Medicine . 123 (6): 522?527.e2. PMID 20569758 . ????? : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.017 .
↑ Cunnane SC, Chouinard-Watkins R, Castellano CA, Barberger-Gateau P (January 2013). "Docosahexaenoic acid homeostasis, brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: Can we reconcile the evidence?". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids . 88 (1): 61?70. PMID 22575581 . ????? : 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.006 .
↑ Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Yamada M (October 2010). "REVIEW: Curcumin and Alzheimer's disease" . CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (review). 16 (5): 285?97. PMID 20406252 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00147.x . ????????? 6493893 .
↑ Birks J, Grimley Evans J (January 2009). "Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD003120. PMID 19160216 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD003120.pub3 .
↑ Krishnan S, Cairns R, Howard R (April 2009). Krishnan S (?????). "Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD007204. PMID 19370677 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD007204.pub2 .
↑ Bilkei-Gorzo A (December 2012). "The endocannabinoid system in normal and pathological brain ageing" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences . 367 (1607): 3326?41. PMID 23108550 . ????? : 10.1098/rstb.2011.0388 . ????????? 3481530 .

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

[nonprevention-1] Hsu D, Marshall GA (2017). "Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials in Alzheimer Disease: Looking Back, Moving Forward" . Current Alzheimer Research . 14 (4): 426?40. PMID 27697063 . ????? : 10.2174/1567205013666160930112125 . ????????? 5329133 .

[pmid18299540-2] Patterson C, Feightner JW, Garcia A, Hsiung GY, MacKnight C, Sadovnick AD (February 2008). "Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 1. Risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer disease" . CMAJ . 178 (5): 548?56. PMID 18299540 . ????? : 10.1503/cmaj.070796 . ????????? 2244657 .

[3] Ding, Jie; Davis-Plourde, Kendra L; Sedaghat, Sanaz; Tully, Phillip J; Wang, Wanmei; Phillips, Caroline; Pase, Matthew P; Himali, Jayandra J; Gwen Windham, B; Griswold, Michael; Gottesman, Rebecca; Mosley, Thomas H; White, Lon; Guðnason, Vilmundur; Debette, Stephanie; Beiser, Alexa S; Seshadri, Sudha; Arfan Ikram, M; Meirelles, Osorio; Tzourio, Christophe; Launer, Lenore J (November 2019). "Antihypertensive medications and risk for incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies". The Lancet Neurology . 19 (1): 61?70. PMID 31706889 . ????? : 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30393-X .

[pmid17927279-4] Reiss AB, Wirkowski E (2007). "Role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in neurological disorders : progress to date". Drugs . 67 (15): 2111?20. PMID 17927279 . ????? : 10.2165/00003495-200767150-00001 .

[pmid17612054-5] Szekely CA, Town T, Zandi PP (2007). NSAIDs for the chemoprevention of Alzheimer's disease . Sub-Cellular Biochemistry . Subcellular Biochemistry. 42 . ???? 229?48. PMID 17612054 . ???????????? 978-1-4020-5687-1 . ????? : 10.1007/1-4020-5688-5_11 .

[6] Hoozemans JJ, Veerhuis R, Rozemuller JM, Eikelenboom P (February 2011). "Soothing the inflamed brain: effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Alzheimer's disease pathology". CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets . 10 (1): 57?67. PMID 21143138 . ????? : 10.2174/187152711794488665 .

[7] Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J (January 2017). "Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women" . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 1 : CD004143. PMID 28093732 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD004143.pub5 . ????????? 6465148 .

[pmid20182026-8] Santos C, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N (2010). "Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease . 20 Suppl 1: S187?204. PMID 20182026 . ????? : 10.3233/JAD-2010-091387 .

[9] Nehlig A (March 2013). "The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance" . British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (Review). 75 (3): 716?27. PMID 22775434 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04378.x . ????????? 3575938 .

[10] Ono K, Yamada M (April 2012). "Vitamin A and Alzheimer's disease". Geriatrics & Gerontology International (Review). 12 (2): 180?88. PMID 22221326 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00786.x .

[11] Heo JH, Lee KM (March 2013). "The possible role of antioxidant vitamin C in Alzheimer's disease treatment and prevention". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (Review). 28 (2): 120?25. PMID 23307795 . ????? : 10.1177/1533317512473193 .

[:0-12] Farina N, Llewellyn D, Isaac MG, Tabet N (April 2017). "Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment" . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 4 : CD002854. PMID 28418065 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD002854.pub5 . ????????? 6478142 .

[13] Malouf R, Grimley Evans J (October 2008). "Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD004514. PMID 18843658 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2 .

[14] "New Simple Blood Test May Help In Identifying Alzheimer's Disease" . Esxnews . 2018-08-03. ??? ?? 21 ????? 2020 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 16 ?????? 2020 .

[15] Wald DS, Kasturiratne A, Simmonds M (June 2010). "Effect of folic acid, with or without other B vitamins, on cognitive decline: meta-analysis of randomized trials" . The American Journal of Medicine . 123 (6): 522?527.e2. PMID 20569758 . ????? : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.017 .

[16] Cunnane SC, Chouinard-Watkins R, Castellano CA, Barberger-Gateau P (January 2013). "Docosahexaenoic acid homeostasis, brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: Can we reconcile the evidence?". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids . 88 (1): 61?70. PMID 22575581 . ????? : 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.006 .

[17] Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Yamada M (October 2010). "REVIEW: Curcumin and Alzheimer's disease" . CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (review). 16 (5): 285?97. PMID 20406252 . ????? : 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00147.x . ????????? 6493893 .

[18] Birks J, Grimley Evans J (January 2009). "Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD003120. PMID 19160216 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD003120.pub3 .

[pmid19370677-19] Krishnan S, Cairns R, Howard R (April 2009). Krishnan S (?????). "Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD007204. PMID 19370677 . ????? : 10.1002/14651858.CD007204.pub2 .

[pmid23108550-20] Bilkei-Gorzo A (December 2012). "The endocannabinoid system in normal and pathological brain ageing" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences . 367 (1607): 3326?41. PMID 23108550 . ????? : 10.1098/rstb.2011.0388 . ????????? 3481530 .

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[6]

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[12]

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[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]