????? ???????? ?????????? ??
??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1975 ?? ???? ?? 1950 ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ; ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???-???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? , ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? , ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??-????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?
| ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????(??) ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????
??????
???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????
|
Dates of independence of African countries
African countries in order of independence
Country
|
Colonial name
|
Colonial power
|
Independence date
|
First head of state
|
Ethiopia
|
establishment
as the
Kingdom of Aksum
|
1st century BC
|
?
|
Liberia
|
Commonwealth of Liberia
|
American Colonization Society
|
July 26, 1847
|
Joseph Jenkins Roberts
|
Libya
|
Libya
|
Italy
|
December 24, 1951
|
Idris
|
Egypt
|
Egypt
|
Britain
|
1922/1936/1953
|
n/a
|
Sudan
|
Sudan
|
Britain
|
January 1, 1956
|
Ismail al-Azhari
|
Tunisia
|
Tunisia
|
France
|
March 20, 1956
|
Muhammad VIII al-Amin
|
Morocco
|
Morocco
|
France
|
April 7, 1956
|
Mohammed V
|
Ghana
|
Gold Coast
|
Britain
|
March 6, 1957
|
Kwame Nkrumah
|
Guinea
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
October 2, 1958
|
Sekou Toure
|
Cameroon
|
Cameroun
|
France, Britain
|
January 1, 1960
|
Ahmadou Ahidjo
|
Togo
|
French Togoland
|
France
|
April 27, 1960
|
Sylvanus Olympio
|
Mali
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
June 20, 1960
|
Modibo Keita
|
Senegal
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
June 20, 1960
|
Leopold Senghor
|
Madagascar
|
Malagasy Protectorate
|
France
|
June 26, 1960
|
Philibert Tsiranana
|
DR Congo
|
Belgian Congo
|
Belgium
|
June 30, 1960
|
Patrice Lumumba
|
Somalia
|
Italian Somaliland
,
British Somaliland
|
Italy, Britain
|
July 1, 1960
|
Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
|
Benin
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
August 1, 1960
|
Hubert Maga
|
Niger
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
August 3, 1960
|
Hamani Diori
|
Burkina Faso
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
August 5, 1960
|
Maurice Yameogo
|
Cote d'Ivoire
|
Cote d'Ivoire
|
France
|
August 7, 1960
|
Felix Houphouet-Boigny
|
Chad
|
French Equatorial Africa
|
France
|
August 11, 1960
|
Francois Tombalbaye
|
Central African Republic
|
French Equatorial Africa
|
France
|
August 13, 1960
|
David Dacko
|
Congo
|
French Equatorial Africa
|
France
|
August 15, 1960
|
Fulbert Youlou
|
Gabon
|
French Equatorial Africa
|
France
|
August 17, 1960
|
Leon M'ba
|
Nigeria
|
Nigeria
|
Britain
|
October 1, 1960
|
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
|
Mauritania
|
French West Africa
|
France
|
November 28, 1960
|
Moktar Ould Daddah
|
Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone
|
Britain
|
April 27, 1961
|
Milton Margai
|
Tanzania
|
Tanganyika
|
Britain
|
December 9, 1961
|
Julius Nyerere
|
Rwanda
|
Ruanda-Urundi
|
Belgium
|
July 1, 1962
|
Gregoire Kayibanda
|
Burundi
|
Ruanda-Urundi
|
Belgium
|
July 1, 1962
|
Mwambutsa IV
|
Algeria
|
Algeria
|
France
|
July 3, 1962
|
Ahmed Ben Bella
|
Uganda
|
British East Africa
|
Britain
|
October 9, 1962
|
Milton Obote
|
Kenya
|
British East Africa
|
Britain
|
December 12, 1963
|
Jomo Kenyatta
|
Malawi
|
Nyasaland
|
Britain
|
July 6, 1964
|
Hastings Kamuzu Banda
|
Zambia
|
Northern Rhodesia
|
Britain
|
October 24, 1964
|
Kenneth Kaunda
|
Gambia
|
Gambia
|
Britain
|
February 18, 1965
|
Dawda Kairaba Jawara
|
Botswana
|
Bechuanaland
|
Britain
|
September 30, 1966
|
Seretse Khama
|
Lesotho
|
Basutoland
|
Britain
|
October 4, 1966
|
Leabua Jonathan
|
Swaziland
|
Swaziland
|
Britain
|
September 6, 1968
|
Sobhuza II
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Spanish Guinea
|
Spain
|
October 12, 1968
|
Francisco Macias Nguema
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
Portuguese Guinea
|
Portugal
|
September 24, 1973
|
Luis Cabral
|
Mozambique
|
Portuguese East Africa
|
Portugal
|
June 25, 1975
|
Samora Machel
|
Angola
|
Angola
|
Portugal
|
November 11, 1975
|
Agostinho Neto
|
Djibouti
|
French Somaliland
|
France
|
June 27, 1977
|
Hassan Gouled Aptidon
|
Zimbabwe
|
Southern Rhodesia
|
Britain
|
April 18, 1980
|
Robert Mugabe
|
Namibia
|
South West Africa
|
South Africa
|
March 21, 1990
|
Sam Nujoma
|
Eritrea
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
May 24, 1993
|
Isaias Afewerki
|
South Africa
|
South Africa
|
South Africa (
apartheid
)
|
April 27, 1994
|
Nelson Mandela
|
Sahrawi Republic
1
|
Spanish Sahara
|
Spain
|
February 27, 1976
|
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
|
1
The Spanish colonial rule
de facto
terminated over the
Western Sahara
(then Rio de Oro), when the territory was passed on to and partitioned between
Mauritania
and
Morocco
(which annexes the entire territory in 1979), rendering the declared independence of the
Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
ineffective to the present day (it controls only a small portion east of the
Moroccan Wall
). Since Spain did not have the right to give away Western Sahara, under international law
de jure
the territory is still under Spanish administration. The
de facto
administrator is however Morocco.
See
United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories
- Kevin Shillington (1995).
History of Africa
(1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan; Revised edition
ISBN 0-312-12598-4