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?????? ???? ?? ??? - ????? ?? ?????? (???? ???), ?? ????????? (????? ???) ?? ?? ??????? (??? ???) ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???

??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] ??? ?? ???????? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????, ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???, ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????

???? ?????? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

????????? ??? "???" ?? "?????????" (molecule) ???? ????

?????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???

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↑ Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondra?ek, Martin; Jelinek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature" . Nature Communications . 6 : 7766. PMID 26178193 . ????? : 10.1038/ncomms8766 . ????????? 4518281 . ?????? : 2015NatCo...6.7766I .
↑ Dinca, L.E.; De Marchi, F.; MacLeod, J.M.; Lipton-Duffin, J.; Gatti, R.; Ma, D.; Perepichka, D.F.; Rosei, F. (2015). "Pentacene on Ni(111): Room-temperature molecular packing and temperature-activated conversion to graphene". Nanoscale . 7 (7): 3263?9. PMID 25619890 . ????? : 10.1039/C4NR07057G . ?????? : 2015Nanos...7.3263D .
↑ Hapala, Prokop; ?vec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondra?ek, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelinek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images" . Nature Communications . 7 : 11560. PMID 27230940 . ????? : 10.1038/ncomms11560 . ????????? 4894979 . ?????? : 2016NatCo...711560H .
↑ IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) " Molecule ".
↑ Ebbin, Darrell D. (1990). General Chemistry (3rd ???????). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ???????????? 978-0-395-43302-7 .
↑ Brown, T.L.; Kenneth C. Kemp; Theodore L. Brown; Harold Eugene LeMay; Bruce Edward Bursten (2003). Chemistry ? the Central Science (9th ???????). New Jersey: Prentice Hall . ???????????? 978-0-13-066997-1 .
↑ Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry (6th ???????). New York: McGraw Hill . ???????????? 978-0-07-115221-1 .
↑ Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). Chemistry (4th ???????). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ???????????? 978-0-669-41794-4 .

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?? ??????????, ??????????? ?? ????????

[1] Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondra?ek, Martin; Jelinek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature" . Nature Communications . 6 : 7766. PMID 26178193 . ????? : 10.1038/ncomms8766 . ????????? 4518281 . ?????? : 2015NatCo...6.7766I .

[2] Dinca, L.E.; De Marchi, F.; MacLeod, J.M.; Lipton-Duffin, J.; Gatti, R.; Ma, D.; Perepichka, D.F.; Rosei, F. (2015). "Pentacene on Ni(111): Room-temperature molecular packing and temperature-activated conversion to graphene". Nanoscale . 7 (7): 3263?9. PMID 25619890 . ????? : 10.1039/C4NR07057G . ?????? : 2015Nanos...7.3263D .

[3] Hapala, Prokop; ?vec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondra?ek, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelinek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images" . Nature Communications . 7 : 11560. PMID 27230940 . ????? : 10.1038/ncomms11560 . ????????? 4894979 . ?????? : 2016NatCo...711560H .

[iupac-4] IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) " Molecule ".

[5] Ebbin, Darrell D. (1990). General Chemistry (3rd ???????). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ???????????? 978-0-395-43302-7 .

[6] Brown, T.L.; Kenneth C. Kemp; Theodore L. Brown; Harold Eugene LeMay; Bruce Edward Bursten (2003). Chemistry ? the Central Science (9th ???????). New Jersey: Prentice Hall . ???????????? 978-0-13-066997-1 .

[7] Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry (6th ???????). New York: McGraw Hill . ???????????? 978-0-07-115221-1 .

[8] Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). Chemistry (4th ???????). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ???????????? 978-0-669-41794-4 .

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