????? ???????? ?????????? ??
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???????? ????? ???????????
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???????? ????? (Spaceflight)
???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ????-???? ?? ????-???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? (?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???) ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????-???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????
???? ?????...
 An evening launch of a
Zenit-3SL
rocket from the
Sea Launch
platform
Odyssey
.
A Ukrainian
Zenit-3SL
rocket launches the Italian
SICRAL 1B
military communications satellite from the
Sea Launch
platform
Odyssey
, located in the territorial waters of
Kiribati
, on April 30, 2009. Sea Launch is a unique launch provider that ships rockets and payloads to be launched from a platform placed at the
Equator
, providing for optimal payload capacity and direct insertion to
geostationary orbit
(GEO) without the need to change inclination. Sea Launch has conducted 36 launches since 1999, with four failures.
?????????
?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????, ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????, ????[1] ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? (?? ?? ?? ??) ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? '????' ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??.? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????????-???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???[2] ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 15 ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????[3] ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????
???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????-????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (??? ??????) ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????
?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????-???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????
 ????? ????????
????? ???????? (Zhai Zhigang)
??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? 2007 ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? 22 ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????
 Neil Armstrong on the Moon
…??
????? 11
?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? (?????) ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? 2009 ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???
... ?? 1971 ???
?????? ???
?? ????? ?? ????
???????? ??????
,
?????? 1
???? ?????
…that the backup crew of Apollo 11 consisted of
Jim Lovell
,
Bill Anders
and
Fred Haise
, although after Anders announced his intention to retire,
Ken Mattingly
was also assigned in case the mission was delayed until after Anders had left? The backup crew, with Mattingly replacing Anders, was later assigned to
Apollo 13
.
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