Outline
The general procedure to install Ubuntu (or Ubuntu flavour, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) from a USB flash drive is:
See also:
Installation/FromUSBStickQuick
for beginners starting from Windows.
Introduction
Ubuntu can be installed from a USB flash drive. This may be necessary for most new portable computers without DVD drives and is handy for others because a USB flash drive is so convenient. Also, you can configure Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to save changes you make, unlike a read-only CD/DVD disk.
Booting from a USB flash drive created with
usb-creator
alias
Startup Disk Creator
and
mkusb
will behave just as if you had booted from the install CD. It will show the language selection and then the install menu, from which you can install Ubuntu onto the computer's hard drive or launch the LiveCD environment. Other utilities, e.g.
UNetbootin
, may create slightly different boot drives or if on UEFI might not work at all with Debian iso files
due to a bug
Note: This article uses the term "USB flash drive" alongside USB stick, USB drive, USB device, USB pendrive and thumb drive.
Prerequisites
To create a USB installation device, you will need:
an
8 GB USB flash device/drive/stick
. If the iso file is smaller than 4 GB, it is possible to use a 4 GB USB device, at least with some of the methods. Files on this USB device will be erased, so
backup the files you want to keep before making the device bootable
. Some of the tools require that this USB device is properly formatted and mounted while other tools will overwrite whatever is on the target device. Please follow the instructions for each tool.
an
Ubuntu flavour ISO file
downloaded from an official web page,
ubuntu.com/download
or
http://releases.ubuntu.com
, stored in your running computer (for example in the directory
Downloads
in the internal drive,
not
in the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).
Check with md5sum
(or another checksum tool) that the download was good. In Linux there is the tool 'md5sum'. In Windows you can do it with Rufus:
click on the circle with a tick mark
(more about Rufus
here
.)
Dummy headlines
After a major remake of this help page the following headlines are kept here because they may be linked to from other web sites. Several other headlines further down in the page are also kept for this reason.
Notes about speed
Notes about size
Notes about bootability
The flash hardware
There is a detailed description at the sub-page
/pre
|
Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Windows
There are various methods available for Windows to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive.
NEVER
try to use one of your hard disk drives or partitions in this process unless you really know what you are doing, as data will get erased.
Rufus
Rufus is the tool in Windows that is recommended officially by Ubuntu
. A tutorial is available from
here
.
Download Rufus
.
balenaEtcher
Download balenaEtcher
Pendrivelinux's Universal USB Installer
Download Universal USB Installer
UNetbootin
Download UNetbootin
Win32 Disk Imager
Download Win32 Disk Imager
There is a detailed description at
/fromWindows
including Rufus, balena Etcher, Universal USB Installer, Unetbootin and Win32 Disk Imager.
|
Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Ubuntu
Install and run Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator
You can find
usb-creator-gtk
by typing "Startup Disk Creator" (Ubuntu Desktop) or
usb-creator-kde
in K-Menu-->Applications-->System-->Startup Disk Creator (Kubuntu). If it is not there, then you can install it using the
Ubuntu Software Center
.
The Startup Disk Creator
clones
the iso file, which means that you need neither erase nor format the target drive. It will be completely overwritten anyway by the cloning process. The Startup Disk Creator looks like this in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS:
Screenshots: Startup Disk Creator - to SSD or pendrive
Notes
NEVER
try to use one of your hard disk drives or SSDs or partitions in this process unless you really know what you are doing, as data will get erased.
There are
bugs
that affect the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator, when you run it
in old Ubuntu versions
in BIOS mode and try to create USB boot drives with other versions. In the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator version 0.3.2 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, these bugs are no longer a problem, so you can install any version of the Ubuntu flavours from 16.04 LTS and newer versions.
UNetbootin
Download UNetbootin
- UNetbootin works in and with most Linux distros.
- It is an extracting tool (not a cloning tool).
- It can make a persistence file up to 4GB in size to save data and defaults.
mkusb - dd image of iso file to USB device safely
Install mkusb via PPA
If you want to
clone from a general image file
to a drive, you can use mkusb. It lets you clone to any drive that is not busy, also an internal drive, and there are very
obvious warnings
to prevent mistakes.
- mkusb can also
- run in Debian and many linux distros that are similar to Ubuntu and Debian,
- clone from iso files of most Linux distros to create USB boot drives,
- create persistent live drives of the Ubuntu family and Debian, using all available drive space for persistence and/or data storage,
- restore a USB boot drive to a standard storage device.
There is a detailed description at
/fromUbuntu
including the Startup Disk Creator, UNetbootin and mkusb.
|
Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Mac OSX
See
How to install Ubuntu on MacBook using USB flash drive
and
this Ubuntu Forum thread by Quackers
UEFI
There is a good wiki page about
booting with UEFI
, and a good tutorial thread,
UEFI Installing - Tips
.
Test if running in UEFI mode
You may want to test if your Ubuntu flavour is running in [U]EFI mode. An installed system and a live system too is using the directory
/sys/firmware/efi
, so you can run the following command line,
test -d /sys/firmware/efi && echo efi || echo bios
The following command line is more robust and also easier to understand, so you may prefer it (if you copy & paste and are not bothered by typing a long command line),
if test -d /sys/firmware/efi; then echo efi; else echo bios; fi
Boot and install
Stable portable systems - good for USB sticks
Creating an EFI-only image
Ubuntu single boot in UEFI mode
There are more details at the sub-page
/uefi
|
Alternative methods
'Do it yourself'
When the boot structure is modified in Ubuntu or the booting software, there can be problems until the extracting tools are modified to manage the modification. It is worthwhile to find a method that is as simple as possible and to learn how to use it in order to manage the extraction also when the boot structure is modified.
- For an UEFI only boot flash drive you need no installer
- Make the drive boot both in UEFI mode and BIOS mode
See this link:
Installation/iso2usb#Do_it_yourself
Portable installed system booting from UEFI and BIOS
Multiboot pendrives
Booting ISO files on internal drive
Booting USB drives with grub2 and iso files 'grub-n-iso'
There are more details at the sub-page
/alt
|
Booting the Computer from USB
Remove all unneeded USB items, but keep the network cable attached.
Instead of editing BIOS settings, you can choose a boot device from the boot menu. Press the function key to enter the boot menu when your computer is booting. Typically, the boot screen displays which key you need to press. It maybe one of F12, F10, F9.
Edit the BIOS settings
Insert the bootable USB flash drive that you just created in your target computer and restart it. Most newer computers can boot from a USB flash drive. If your computer does not automatically do so, you might need to edit the BIOS settings.
Restart your computer, and watch for a message telling you which key,
hotkey
to press to enter the BIOS setup.
Press this hotkey continuously or tap repeatedly
(different between computers) while your computer is booting to edit your BIOS settings. (On HP Mini Netbooks, the correct key is usually F9.)
Select 'hard disk/USB-HDD0'
Note: with some motherboards you have to select 'hard disk/USB-HDD0' to choose the USB flash disk
. It may work like this because the system sees the USB drive 'a mass storage device' as a hard disk drive, and it should be at the top of the boot order list.
So you need to
edit the Boot Order
. Depending on your computer, and how your USB key was formatted, you should see an entry for "removable drive" or "USB media". Move this to the top of the list to make the computer attempt to boot from the USB device before booting from the hard disk.
Chainloading
PLoP Boot Manager
- For old computers that cannot boot from USB
Flow chart for trouble-shooting
There are more details at the sub-page
/bootUSB
|
Known Issues
There are problems with the versions of the Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator in versions of Ubuntu older than 16.04 LTS. There are similar problems with old versions of Unetbootin. Until these problems are solved other tools work, for example
mkusb
and
Win32DiskImager
described in the following links,
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb
and
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager/iso2usb
The version 0.3.2 (and newer versions) of the Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (and newer versions)
clones
the iso file and creates a read-only file system. This method is very robust, but
if you want to re-use the USB stick as a storage drive, you must restore it
. Two methods are described in the next paragraph.
Postrequisites - restore the USB stick
'Postrequisites' - after installation: how to restore the USB stick to a standard storage drive. The standard is an MSDOS partition table (MBR) and a partition with the FAT32 file system.
gparted
Disks
mkusb
There is a detailed description at the sub-page
/post
|
See also
CategoryLive
CategoryInstallation
CategoryInstallation
CategoryInstallation