IUCN
Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature

??? ?-IUCN
?????? ??????
???	????? ???-?????
????? ???????	1948 , ???????? , ???? ? ???? (??76 ????)
????? ????	Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe
????? ????	Gland
???? ????	?? ??????? 28, ???? 1196, ??????
???? ??????	?????
?????? ???????	????? ???
??????	148,000,000 ???? ??????? (???? ??2019)
????	???? ?? ??????
??"?	Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak
???"?	????? ??????
??????	?-1,100 ????? ?????
www.iucn.org

IUCN ( ???? ????? ?? International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Nature Resources ‏) ^[1] , ?????? ????-????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? (????? ?????? "????? ?????? ??????"), ??? ????? ???-????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? . ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? IUCN ?????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???? ?- 1948 ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? . ?-IUCN ????? 82 ??????, 111 ???????? ????????, ??? ?-800 ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 2003 ? ???? , ???? ?????? . ??? ????? ???? ???? "????? ?????? ??????" ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?-IUCN ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? .

?????? ?? ????? ??????: ???????? ?????? ??, ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???.

???? ?-IUCN [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? (??????? ?????? ???? ??????) ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?-IUCN. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?-IUCN: ????? ????? ???? , ???? ???? ?????? , ? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? .

??????? ?? ?-IUCN [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????.

• ???? ??????? ?????? ( SSC ) - ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? 1963 ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?-IUCN: ????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ?? ?-IUCN . ?????: 7000.
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ( WCPA ) - ?-WCPA ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????: 1300.
• ???? ????? ??????? ( CEL ) - ?-CEL ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????: 800.
• ???? ????? ??????? ( CEC ) - ?-CEC ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????: 600.
• ???? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ( CEESP ) - ????? ?-CEESP ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? . ?????:500.
• ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ( CEM ) - ????? ?-CEM ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ?????: 400.

??????? ?-IUCN [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ?-1,100 ??? ?-62 ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? (Inger Andersen) ?????? ??????? ?????? 2015.

????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? (??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????). ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? (???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??????):

• ????? ???? (Lower risk)
  • ??? ??? (Least Concern) - ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
  • ???? ????? (Near Threatened) - ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????.
  • ???? ????? (Conservation Dependent) - ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 5 ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? "?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????" ?? ????? ?????? ??????.
  • ????? (Domesticated) - ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????.
• ????? (Threatened) - ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? (????? ??? ????? ????? ^[2] )
  • ???? (Vulnerable) - ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?-10%.
  • ????? ????? (Endangered) - ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?-250.
  • ????? ????? ????? (Critically Endangered) - ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? 50.
• ????? (Extinction)
  • ???? ????? (Extinct in the Wild) - ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????.
  • ???? (Extinct) - ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????.

????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????:

• ??? ????? ?????? (Data Deficient) - ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
• ?? ????? (Not Evaluated) - ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? IUCN ? ??????????

• ??? ???????? ????? ?? IUCN

• IUCN , ???? ??????? ???????
• IUCN , ???? ??????? ??? ( ?????? )
• IUCN , ???? ??????? LinkedIn
• IUCN , ??????? ? ???? ???????
• IUCN , ? ???? ?????
• IUCN , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]