Antena 3
???
???? ????????
?????
????? ??? 25 ?????? 1989, ????? ?????? ????
????????
, ??????? ??????? ?? ??
Onda Cero
, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? 3, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? 3.
??? ????
1982
????? Antena 3 ???? ??????? ?????? ???-
4 ????
???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? 3 ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?
???????? ?????
??????.
?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
1988
?? ??? ????? ?????? 3 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? 10 ?????? ?????.
???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?-
25 ???????
1989
????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?-
25 ??????
1990
. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ???????? "
???? ????
".
?? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? (????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????) ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
???? ??????? ?????? (1992?1997)
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ??????? ????? ????? ?-
17 ?????
1992
???? ????? Zeta ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ??, ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??
?????
1994
??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????.
[1]
????? ???, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
????? ???????
????? ?????? ?-
15 ??????
???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????
Neox
?-
2 ???????
2018
, ???? 24 ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
???? ???? ?-20
????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????.
????
1995
???? Antena 3 Internacional ??? ???? ?
??????
.
?
????
1997
???? ????? Zeta ?? ???????? ?????
????????
. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????"? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (?? ??-
1998
??? ????? ?-Digital+).
?????? ??, ??? ????? 1998?2001 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? Manos a la Obra ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????.
????
2002
????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??
??????? 2002
.
????
2003
???? ????? Planeta, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ????"? ???? ???????? ??????.
?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?-
3 ??????
2002. ????????
2003
????? ????? ??????.
??????? 2003 ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????.
????
2005
???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
???? ???????
?????? ?? ??????? ???
2006
??
2009
????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ???, ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ???????
??????
?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??
???????
???
???? ?????
. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??
??????
.
?-
30 ???????
2005 ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????.
?????
2006
??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??
???? ????
???????
????? ?????? ???????????
, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?-12 ???? ??? ????? ?????.
?-
1 ?????
2008
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???"? ????.
???
2004
??? ????, ?? ?? ???? GECA, ????? 3 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.
[2]
?-
23 ???????
2010
????? ???? ???? ???????? ???. ????? ???? Neox ????? ???? ????? ?-Nova ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?-
28 ???????
??? ????? ???? ?-HD ????? ????.
?-
12 ????
2009
???? 10 ????? ????? 3 ?? ???? Antena 3.0. ???? ????? ???? ?-3.5 ?????? ????? ??-18.8% ???????.
3.0 ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ??????, ?????????. ??? ??, ????? 3.0 ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
??????
2010
, ???? ??? ???? ?-20 ????? ????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????, ?????, ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? 20 ??? ????. ??? ??, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ??? "??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? 3" ?? "????? ??? ???? ?? ????? 3" ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.
??? ??, ????? ????? 2010 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
????
2009
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????. ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.
?? ???? ???? 2010 ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????, ?-2012 ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????.
?? ?? ??? ????? ???? 2018 ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? 64% ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????.
[3]
Antena 3 Internacional ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? (?????
????? ?????
,
??????
?
?????? ???????
). ????? ???? ????
1995
. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? Antena 3 ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??. ?? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?-
3 ??????
2002
????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????
VHF
. ????? ?? ?????? ??
2 ??????
2010
, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????.
?-
30 ???????
2005
, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: Neox ?-Nova.
?-
3 ???????
2008
??? ????? ???? ?
???? ???????
??????? ???? ??? Antena 3 TDT.
?-
23 ???????
2010 ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????
Nitro
?????? ??????. ?-
28 ???????
???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?-HD ????? ????.
????, ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
?-
17 ???????
2008
?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? Vodafone ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? - ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? - ??????? ??????????
??? 3
?? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????.
[4]
????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? 1990.
[5]
???
|
??????? ?????
|
???
|
??????? ?????
|
1990
|
3.8%
|
2004
|
20.8%
|
1991
|
10.1%
|
2005
|
21.3%
|
1992
|
14.7%
|
2006
|
19.4%
|
1993
|
21.1%
|
2007
|
17.4%
|
1994
|
25.7%
|
2008
|
16%
|
1995
|
26%
|
2009
|
14.8%
|
1996
|
25%
|
2010
|
11.7%
|
1997
|
22.7%
|
2011
|
11.5%
|
1998
|
22.8%
|
2012
|
12.4%
|
1999
|
22.8%
|
2013
|
13.4%
|
2000
|
21.5%
|
2014
|
[6]
13.6%
|
2001
|
20.4%
|
2015
|
13.5%
|
2002
|
20.2%
|
2016
|
[7]
12.8%
|
2003
|
19.5%
|
2017
|
12.3%
|
-
??? ????? ???
1992
?
2004
-
-
??? ???? ??? 2017
- ^
????? 3 ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? TVE ????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ?????
, 1 ???? 1994
- ^
????? 3 ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ?? GECA
, ????
Wayback Machine
- ^
??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????
, ???? Pew Research Center, 14 ???? 2018
(???????)
- ^
????? 3 ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????
, ????
Wayback Machine
(???????)
- ^
????? ???????? ????????
, ???? FormulaTV
(???????)
- ^
Telecnico ?????? ???? 2014, ?? ??? ?-LA 1, ???? laSexta ????? ??????? ?? Cuatro
, ???? FormulaTV
- ^
Telecnico ?????? ???? 2016, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???
, ???? FormulaTV