???? ????

???? ???? ????? ?? 12 ????' ? ????? ????? ??????? (1916)

???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? . ????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? . ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????-???? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ????? , ???? ? ??????? , ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? , ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? K5 ??? ?????-?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? , ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????: ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? (??? ?? ????-???); ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ^[1].

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??????? (12 ????') ????? ?????? ?? 90°, ????? 1940

??? ????? : ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

?????-???? : ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???. ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 2 ?? 4 ????? ??? ??.

????? ??? : ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? 360° ?????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????.

????? ????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????. "?????", "???? ??????", ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????.

"?????" : ????? ????? ???? "?????" ???? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????.

"???? ??????" : ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ("????") ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????-?????. ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? . ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.

????? ??? ?????? : ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? , ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ("?????") ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? (??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????). ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????.

????? ??? ?????? : ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? 9 ?? 15 ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ????? . ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? . ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????: ??? ????; ????? ????? (????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????);

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

???? ??? ??? ????? " ????? ?????" ????? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????.

????? ????? ??????, ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? 340 ?"? ?-400 ?"? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ????? ???? ???? , ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????-??? (pit) ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (?????? ????? ??????), ????? ????? ??? ?"? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????-??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????. ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? - ???? ?????? .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?-19 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

"????????" ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????: ??'?? ??????

??????? 1860 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? .

????? ??? 1862 ????? ????? ?? , ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ?? 32 ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? . ?- 1864 ???? ??'?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ????'???? . ????? ?? ????? "???????? ?? ?????????-??????".

?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? . ?-9.2 ????' BL, ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ? ???????? ?- 1900 ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????-????? (15 ?? 20 ?"?) ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 1945 . ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???-???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ^[2]^[3].

????? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?'???' ?????? ???? ?? ?"????????" 14 ????', ?????? 1918

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? (????? ?????? ????) ?? ??? 45°, ?????? ???? ????-?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.

??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?-140 ?"? "???" ?-170 ?"? "?????" ^[4] ??? "?????" ?? ?-280 ?"? ^[5] ??? "???" ???? (380 ?"?, ???? ??? 45 ???????) ???? ?? ????? ?? 50 ?"?, ???? ????-??? (???????? 21 ?"? ??? ????? ?????). ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? , ????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???, ????? ???? "????" ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? "Gamma-gerat", ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? , ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????.

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ?-Canon de 305 mm Modele 1893/96, ???? ????? 31 ?"?. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? Obusier de 520 modele 1916 ????? 520 ?"? (???? ??? 15 ???????), ????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????? . ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? (Schneider et Cie).

???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? (?? ???????' ????? - Woolwich Arsenal) ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?-20. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? 12 ????' ?????? ?-9.2 ????' ???????. ????? ??? ??????, ???? 1918, ???? ???? ?? 14 ????' ????? "????????" (HM Gun Boche Buster) ????? ???? ????-???? (34 - 38 ?"?) ?? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? 1918 ???? ?? ???? ?'???' ?????? . ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 19 ????? (?-30.5 ?"?) ???? ??? ??. ?????? ????? "????? ????" ^[6]. ????? ?? "????????" ?? 18 ????', ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?-20 , ??? ???? ?-18 ????' ????? ????? ?????? ?-14 ????' ????? ??????.

????? ????? ???? 1918 ????? ? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 14 ????' ?????, ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? ???? .

????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????-????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????-?????? ?????-???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ?????/????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????. ?????-???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? , ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.

???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ?-MK-3-12‏ (305 ?"?) ?????? ??????? ???? "??????? ????" (Императрица Мария) ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????-????? 1941 ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? . ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 1991 ?????? ??????? ?- 1999 ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Dale Clarke, British Artillery 1914-1919. Heavy Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2005 ISBN 1-84176-788-3
I.V. Hogg & L.F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914-1918 . London: Ian Allan, 1972.
Jager, Herbert. German Artillery of World War One . Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2001 ISBN 1-86126-403-8
Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945 . New York: Doubleday, 1979 ISBN 0-385-15090-3
Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two . 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 ISBN 1-85367-480-X
Engelmann, Joachim (1976). Armor in Action - German Railroad Guns . Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 0-89747-048-6

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ???? ????? ?? ???? Miller, H. W., Lt. Col. Railway Artillery: A Report on the Characteristics, Scope of Utility, Etc., of Railway Artillery, Volume I Washington: Government Print Office, 1921 (???? ?????? ????)
^ Dale Clarke, British Artillery 1914-1919. Heavy Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2005 ISBN 1 84176 788
^ Major D Hall, The South African Military History Society. Military History Journal - Vol 2 No 3 June 1972. Guns in South Africa 1899-1902 Part V and VI
^ "?????"
^ "?????"
^ "????? ????"

[1] ???? ????? ?? ???? Miller, H. W., Lt. Col. Railway Artillery: A Report on the Characteristics, Scope of Utility, Etc., of Railway Artillery, Volume I Washington: Government Print Office, 1921 (???? ?????? ????)

[2] Dale Clarke, British Artillery 1914-1919. Heavy Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2005 ISBN 1 84176 788

[3] Major D Hall, The South African Military History Society. Military History Journal - Vol 2 No 3 June 1972. Guns in South Africa 1899-1902 Part V and VI

[4] "?????"

[5] "?????"

[6] "????? ????"

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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