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?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? (Phineas Balk) ???? 1806 . ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? 1886 . ????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?/?? ?????? - ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????. ??????, ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-19 , ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????. ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????.

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???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? - ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????-??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????. ??? ??, ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????.

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???? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ^{[1] [2]} .

?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? 57 ?????? ?- 12 ??????? 2013 . ?? ?? ???????, ???? ????? ????? 28 ?????? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????- ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ? ???? , ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? .

?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? , ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ??????? ???? ?????? ??? " ???? ??????? , ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? " ^[3] .

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??? ????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?'???' ?????? " 1984 ", ???? " ????? ", ????? " ????? ?????? ", ????? " ????'??? ", ???? " 007 ????? ?????? " (1987), ????? ???? ?? " ??? " (1994) ?????? ????????? ?????? .

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