????? (?????)

????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? (???? ??????, ????? , ?????? ?? ??????????? ) ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? . ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? , ???????, ?????? ??????????.

???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????: ?????? , ????? , ????????????? , ?????????? , ?????? ?????? , ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????.

????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????'? ^[1] ????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? , ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ???????? , ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ???, ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.

??????? ???? ????? ^[2] ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????: ????, ???? ??????? "?????", ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????; ??? ????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? (????: ????? ?? ???? ???? ). ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??, ????????? ?????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.

??? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? " ????????????? ", " ???? ", "????? ???????", "???????" ?"?????? ???????" ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????, ?? ??????? ??? ????????. ^[2] ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.

?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? 1990 ??? ??-50% ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????????, ????? ? ??????? , ??????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????, ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? (ISPRM). ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? 2002?2004.

????? ???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???-???????????? ?? ?- WHO (2001) ????? ?? ???? ????? ????:

???? ????? ?????-?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.
????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? (?????? ??????) ????.
????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??, ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????- ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
????? ??? ????? ????????.
????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???????? ??? ???????, ??????????? ?????????.

??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???. ???? ^[3] ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????: ????? ????, ????? ?? ??????? (???? ??????? ???????), ????? ????-?????, ????? ??????? (??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????). ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ???? - ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????: ????? ??????????, ????? ??????, ?????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??? , ???? ?????? ?????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???-??????, ??? ???? ????? , ????? ??? , 2010 - ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????????
????? ??????? , ?? ????? ??????? , ????? ?????? ????? , 2008 - ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ???, ? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? (??"?) ?? ????? , 1 ?????? 2003
????? ??????: ????? ????????
??? ????, ? ???? ??? ?????: ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? (??"?) ?? ????? , 1 ??????? 2005
?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ?"? 2, 1998
???? ????? , ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? - ????? ?? ?????? ?????? , ???? ???? , 8 ?????? 2015
???? ???? , ??? 309: ????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ?? ?"? ????? ??? ? '??? ??? ????' ? ??? 5 , ???? " ????? ????????? ", 5 ???? 2019
????? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? , ???? ?? ?? ??? , ?????? 2021
???? ????? , "???? ??? ?????": ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 20 ???????? 2023

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Pledger, C. (2003). Discourse on disability and rehabilitation issues: Opportunities for psychology. The American Psychologist , Vol. 58, Iss. 4; pg. 279
^ ¹ ² Maki, D. B., & Riggar, T. F. (1997). Rehabilitation counseling: Profession and Practice. Rehabilitation Counseling: Concepts and Paradigms (Maki and Rigger), pp. 3-31. New York: Springer
^ Wright, B. A. (1980). Developing constructive views of life with a disability. Rehabilitation Literature , Vol 41(11-12), 274-279

[1] Pledger, C. (2003). Discourse on disability and rehabilitation issues: Opportunities for psychology. The American Psychologist , Vol. 58, Iss. 4; pg. 279

[מאקי-2] ¹ ² Maki, D. B., & Riggar, T. F. (1997). Rehabilitation counseling: Profession and Practice. Rehabilitation Counseling: Concepts and Paradigms (Maki and Rigger), pp. 3-31. New York: Springer

[3] Wright, B. A. (1980). Developing constructive views of life with a disability. Rehabilitation Literature , Vol 41(11-12), 274-279

[1]

[2]

[3]