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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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	www .rferl .org

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???? ?????? ??????? / ???? ???? , ? ?????? : (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty‏, RFE/RL) ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ,? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? . ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??????? , ??? "???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????". ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?-27 ????, ?-23 ?????? ^[1] ?? ??? ???? ????? , AM ?- FM .

????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ( ??' ) ?????? ??????. ^[2]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 1949 ????? ? ??? ???? "?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????". ???? ?????? ??????? (RFE) ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??. ??? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?'????????? ?- 4 ????? 1950 .

????? ?????? (?????????) ???? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? . ?? 1971 ?????? ?????? ??? ?- CIA . ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?-CIA ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? . ?-CIA ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? 1971, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? . ?????? ?? ????? (???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???.

?- 1975 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? (RL) "???? ??????" ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????, ???? ??? 1951 , ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? . ???? ????? ?????? ??????? RFE/RL.

??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 1988 . ????? ???? ?-70 ??-80 ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????' , ??????? ????????' , ????? ???????? , ?????? ????????? ????. ?? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? 1990 ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? . ??? ????? 1985 ? 1993 ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? .

???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ?- 1995 ???????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????? ???????: ?- 1998 ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ; ?- 1999 ? ?????? ??- 2002 ????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ( ???? ???? ). ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? , ? ????????? , ? ?????????? , ? ??'?????? , ?????? ? ???????'? ^[3] ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ^[4]

????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? - ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????'?? ?????? ??????? ???????? (?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?'?????? ) ?? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?'?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? 1975 . ???? 2018 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? 2019 ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???? 2004.

???? ?????? 2023, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ??, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?-40 ??????. ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???. ^[5]