????? ?? ?????'?
(???????:
Katharine Burr Blodgett
;
10 ??????
1898
?
12 ????????
1979
) ?????
??????
????????
????? ???? ?
????? ?? ??? ????
, ??????? ?????? ?
????? ????? ?? ?'??? ???????
(
??'
)
????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ?-color gauge.
[1]
[2]
???? 1951, ???? ?
?????? ?????-?????
????
?????? ????????? ??????
. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????
???????
??????? ??????????? ?????????', ??? ?- Photographic Society of America Award.
[2]
[3]
?????'? ????? ?
???????
??
??? ????
, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????'? (1862?1897) ?????? ??'??? (1865-?). ???? ?? ?????'? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??
?'??? ???????
????????
[2]
[1]
. ?-3.12.1897 ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????'?
[2]
.
???? ????? ?? ?????'? ????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??????'? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.
[1]
?????? ?? ?????'? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ?- Zonta International, ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????.
[1]
???? 1917 ????? ?????'? ?? ??????? ??????? ???
??? ???? ??????
???? ?? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?GE. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????'? ??????????? Bryn Mawr ????? ???. ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?
?????????? ?????
, ??-1918 ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? GE, ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?
?????????? ?????????'
, ????? 1926 ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????.
[1]
[4]
?-1933 ????? ?????'? ?? ?- color gauge- ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????. ?-1935 ?????? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ?????? 1938 ?????? ????? ?????'? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ?????? ?
???????
, ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.
[2]
????? ???? ?????'? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???, ??????
????? ????? ??????
???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
[4]
[1]
?????? ?? ?????'? ???? ???? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?"??????? ??????", ?-" ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????".
[4]
[1]
?-1963 ???? ???????.
[4]
???? 1917 ?????? ?????'? ????? ??????? ????? ?? GE ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?- color gauge, ??? ??????? ????? ?????.
[4]
[1]
???? 1933 ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? (monolayers) ??
????? ??????
????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???. ?-1935 ????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????.
[2]
[1]
???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?barium stearate-, ?????? ?????? ???
??? ???
- ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? 380?750 ??? ??? (????? ?????). ????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? (???
??? ????????
, ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? 2 ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????), ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ?????'? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????, ???? ???? "????" ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
[4]
[2]
[1]
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
???? ???
???? ?? ????? ??, ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????, ??? ??????? (???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????), ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??. ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????.
[4]
[2]
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ????? ?????.
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. M.Whelan and Dr. Edwin Reilly Jr,
, Katharine Burr Blodgett Pioneer in surface chemistry and engineering
, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????'?, ??????? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???,
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Katharine B. Blodgett
(
??????
)
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????? ????? ?? ?????'?, ?????? ??????
, ???? ACS
(?????? ???? ????)
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Katharine Burr Blodgett
, PHYSICS TODAY, MARCH 1980