??? ??????

??? ??????
????	26 ??????? 1907 ; ??? , ???????? ????'?????
?????	30 ?????? 2001 (???? 93) ; ?"? ????? ???"?
?????	?????
????? ?????	1933
???? ?????	?? ???????
?????	?????????? ?????????'
	29 ?????? 1953 ? 26 ??????? 1977 ; (23 ????)
	29 ?????? 1953 ? 26 ??????? 1977 ; (23 ????)
	???"? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ; ??"? ????? ???????? ;
	???"? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ; ??"? ????? ???????? ;
????? ??????
	??? ?????? ???? ?"? ???? ?????????

??? ????????? ( 26 ??????? 1907 ? 30 ?????? 2001 ) ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????"? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ? ??? ???? 1907 ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?" ??? " ?? ????? . ^[1] ????? 1919?1922 ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????' ?????? ?? ??? ?? 1926 . ????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? , ????? 1929 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? . ????? 1929?1931 ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????' ?????? ????. ???? 1931 ??? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ?????????' . ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? . ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???-????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? . ?-1931 ???? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? (???? ????? ????? ) ?????? (???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? , ????? ???? ??????). ??? ???? ??? ??????? . ^[2]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1936 ??? ? ???? ????? ? ??????? , ????? ?????? ?? ?? 1949 . ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????, ^[3] ????? 1937, ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[4] ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[5]

??????? 1947, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ^[6] ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????. ^[7] ?-5 ????? 1948 ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? . ^[8]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? , ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? , ??? ???? "??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ???? ?????". ????? "????????" ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??, ??? ????? ????? ??????.

????? 1949 , ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? , ????? ??????? , ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ^[9] ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?-1949‏ ^[10] ???"? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? . ^[11] ???? 1949 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? (?????), ??"?-1948, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? . ^[12]

???? ???? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? . ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .

???? 1952 ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??????? ????? ? ??"? , ???? , ??????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? . ^[13]

??? ???????, ?-29 ?????? 1953 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ^[14] ?????? ???? ?????? ????? 40 ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? , ????:

?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???-????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ???-????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ???? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????.

????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???"? ???? ??????? ??????? . ^[15]

?-26 ??????? 1977 ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??? ????? . ^[16] ???? ?????? ???:

??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? , ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??, ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???... ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????. ^[17]

???? 1971 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? , ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ^[18]

???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? 1960 ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???"? ? ???? ?? 300 . ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ^[19]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? 1957 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? , ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????. ^[20]

?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??"? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????'????? ??? ???"?, ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (?"?) ^[21] ???"? ?????? ?????? ????? . ???? 1973 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????. ^[22] ????? 1974 ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????. ^[23]

???? 1979 ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? , ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ^[24]

???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ^[25] ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ^[1]

???? 1987 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?"? ???? ????????? , ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? .

??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ? ??????? . ^[26] ??? ????? ????? ??, ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????.

??? ????: ??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1977 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? "??? ??????", ??? ????? ?????? ? ????????????? , ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? 2000 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? 20 ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? 2007, ??? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ????, ??????, ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??-?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? , "????? ????? ??? ??????", ???? ????? 2 (1994), 325?337. (????? ?? ? ??? ?????? (??? ?): ??? ???? (2000), ??' 13?25.)
???? ??????? , "?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????", ????: ??? ?????? (??? ?): ??? ???? , 2000.
???? ???? , "????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?"?", ????? ?????? : ???? ??????? ?????? 32 (2003), 77?81.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????????

???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? , ???? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ???
??? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????
???? ?????? (?????? ???? ????) ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????
???? ????????? , ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? , ??? , 14 ????? 1961
??? ???? (????), " ??? ?????? ", ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? , ??? ? (1952), ??' 2251
??? ???? (????), " ??? ?????? ", ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? , ??? ? (1958), ??' 3307

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² ???? ???, ???? ??????? ??? ???? , ????? , 11 ???? 1979.
^ [1] , [2]
^ ?????? ?????? ??????? , ??? , 20 ?????? 1937.
^ ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ?????: ???? ???? 1930?1949 , ?? ????: ??????, 1987, ??' 130.
^ ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????? ??????
^ Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 108.
^ Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 115.
^ Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 125.
^ ???? ???? ?????? , ????? , 17 ????? 1949
^ Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 132.
^ Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 150.
^ ???? ??? , ???? ????: ???????????? , ??' 213.
^ ?"? ?????? ?????? , ???????? ????"? ?????? , ????? , 20 ??????? 1952.
^ ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? , ????? ???????? 330, ???"?, 12 ?????? 1954, ??' 493
^ ?. ?????? , ???? - ???? ?? ??????? , ????? , 2 ???? 1961.
^ ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? , ????? ???????? 2308, ????"?, 15 ???? 1977, ??' 1094
^ ??? ???? , ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? , ????? , 9 ??????? 1969.
^ ???? ??? , ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? , ????? , 2 ???? 1971.
^ ?????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? , ????? , 29 ????? 1986.
^ "??? ??"? ?????? ??????? ?????" ???? ?? ????? ????? , ????? , 2 ??????? 1967.
^ ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?. ???? ?? ????? ????? , ??? , 30 ??????? 1964.
^ ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? , ??? , 14 ????? 1973
^ ????? ????? ??????? , ??? , 19 ????? 1974
????? ????? , ????? ????????? , ??? , 26 ????? 1974
^ ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? , ????? , 8 ????? 1979.
^ ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ????? , 10 ???? 1979.
^ ??? ?????? ???? GRAVEZ

[לבב-1] ¹ ² ???? ???, ???? ??????? ??? ???? , ????? , 11 ???? 1979.

[2] [1] , [2]

[3] ?????? ?????? ??????? , ??? , 20 ?????? 1937.

[4] ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ?????: ???? ???? 1930?1949 , ?? ????: ??????, 1987, ??' 130.

[5] ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????? ??????

[6] Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 108.

[7] Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 115.

[8] Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 125.

[9] ???? ???? ?????? , ????? , 17 ????? 1949

[10] Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 132.

[11] Shifra Shvarts, Health and Zionism: the Israeli health care system, 1948-1960 , p. 150.

[12] ???? ??? , ???? ????: ???????????? , ??' 213.

[13] ?"? ?????? ?????? , ???????? ????"? ?????? , ????? , 20 ??????? 1952.

[14] ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? , ????? ???????? 330, ???"?, 12 ?????? 1954, ??' 493

[15] ?. ?????? , ???? - ???? ?? ??????? , ????? , 2 ???? 1961.

[16] ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? , ????? ???????? 2308, ????"?, 15 ???? 1977, ??' 1094

[17] ??? ???? , ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? , ????? , 9 ??????? 1969.

[18] ???? ??? , ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? , ????? , 2 ???? 1971.

[19] ?????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? , ????? , 29 ????? 1986.

[20] "??? ??"? ?????? ??????? ?????" ???? ?? ????? ????? , ????? , 2 ??????? 1967.

[21] ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?. ???? ?? ????? ????? , ??? , 30 ??????? 1964.

[22] ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? , ??? , 14 ????? 1973

[23] ????? ????? ??????? , ??? , 19 ????? 1974
????? ????? , ????? ????????? , ??? , 26 ????? 1974

[24] ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? , ????? , 8 ????? 1979.

[25] ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ????? , 10 ???? 1979.

[26] ??? ?????? ???? GRAVEZ

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????
??????	????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ??? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ????
??????	????????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??-???? ? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ? ?? ? ???????-??? ? ???? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????'?? ? ??? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ?'????? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ? ??? ? ????
?????? ?????? ????	??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ? ??? ? ??-??? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ?? ???? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ????
??? ??: ?????? ??????