????????

??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???????? .

???? ?????????. ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????: ?'???? ?. ??? , ?????? ?'???? , ?'???' ????? ??? , ? ?'?? ?????

???????? (? ?????? : Pragmatism ) ??? ?????? ????????? . ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ???, ?????????? ??????? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ??????, ? ??? , ???????, ? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

?????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????, ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ??????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? . ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .

????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? 1870. ?'???? ?' ???? , ????? ???????, ???? ???? ??: "???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????.". ^[1]

????? ??'???? ?' ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?'???? ? ?'?? ????? ???? ?????? ?' ?????? ???????? ' ?? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????, ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? '????????' ??? ?-1898 ?? ??? ?'????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?-70.

????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20 ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?????????? ????? . ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ' ???-???????? ' ?? ??? ???'?? ????? , ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? . ?? ???, ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??'????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????, ^[2] ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????. ^[3]

?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???:

?????? ?????? , ???? ?? ?????? ipsa scientia potestas est ("???? ???? ??? ???").

??????? ??? , ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????.

?????? ???? , ?? ?????? ? ??????????? , ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? '????????'.

?.?.? ???? , ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????.

?'???' ????? , ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????.

???????? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ???? 1912, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???"? . ???? ?? ?????, ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????????: ???? ???? (Ochs), ^[4] ??? ???? , ^[5] ???? ????, ^[6] ??? ?. ???? ^[7] ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???"? ????? ??? ?????? ??"?, ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???"? (????? ????? ?? ?????? ) ?????? ????????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????-??????? (???? ????? 67 ).

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?'????. ???????? , ????? ?????? , 2010

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????????
????? ?????? ?? ????????
??? ??????' ? ?? ??? , ???? " ???????? ", ???? ??????????? ?? ????????
????? ?? ???? , '?????', ????: ?????? ?'????, ???????? , ???????: ??? ????, ????? ?????? , ?? ???? 2010, ??' 7?31
???????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???????? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Peirce, C. S., How to Make Our Ideas Clear, Popular Science Monthly 12, ??' 286?302
^ ??? ????, ' ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????' , ???????: ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????, ???"?
^ Steven Levine, Pragmatism, Objectivity, and Experience , New York: Cambridge, 2019
^ Peter Ochs, Peirce, Pragmatism, and the Logic of Scripture , New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998
^ Hannah E. Hashkes, Rabbinic Discourse as a System of Knowledge , Leiden: Brill, 2015
^ ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ????: ???? ???????? ?????? ????? , ??? ??: ?????????? ?? ????, ???"?
^ ??? ?. ????, ' ???????? ????? ?????? ????"? ???? ??????: ???? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ?. ???? ??????? ???????' , ???????: ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????, 2018

[1] Peirce, C. S., How to Make Our Ideas Clear, Popular Science Monthly 12, ??' 286?302

[2] ??? ????, ' ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????' , ???????: ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????, ???"?

[3] Steven Levine, Pragmatism, Objectivity, and Experience , New York: Cambridge, 2019

[4] Peter Ochs, Peirce, Pragmatism, and the Logic of Scripture , New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998

[5] Hannah E. Hashkes, Rabbinic Discourse as a System of Knowledge , Leiden: Brill, 2015

[6] ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ????: ???? ???????? ?????? ????? , ??? ??: ?????????? ?? ????, ???"?

[7] ??? ?. ????, ' ???????? ????? ?????? ????"? ???? ??????: ???? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ?. ???? ??????? ???????' , ???????: ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????, 2018

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