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?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? , ??? ???? , ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? , ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? , ???? , ?? ?? ???? . ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? , ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? .

????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?-30,000 ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? , ??? ????? 182 ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???'??? ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?? , ??? ????? ???? 1981 ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????-????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?-230,000 ????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[1]

???????? ???-??? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ( ??' ) , ????? ? ?????? , ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?-35,000 ?? 40,000 ????. ^[2]^[3]^[4]

???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? "??? ?????" ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? 9,000 ???? ??????.

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?'???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 2575 ???? ??????. ^[5] ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 1947 ????"? ?? 1911 ????"?) ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????. ^[6]^[7] ?????? ?????? ??????? (????? ??????? 2000 ???? ??????) ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ( ??' ) ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ?????? (??????? ??? 300 ???? ??????).

??? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.

??? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? 485 ???? ??????. ^[8]^[9] ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???????? .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????), ??? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? .

?????? ??? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? . ??? ??? , ????? ???? ?-10 ????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? , ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ?-14 ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????.

????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ^[10] ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? (????? ???? ??????) ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ? ????? ????????????? ???? ?-15. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???, ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? , ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????'?? .

????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? , ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.

???? ???? ?-18 ?????? ???? ?-19 ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????, ??????????, ??????, ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? - ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? . ??? ????? ?-20 ??-30 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ^[11]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????????? ???-??? ????? ????? , ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ??????? 40,000 ????"? ?? 35,000 ????"?
?????? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 29,000 ????"? ?-25,000 ????"?
?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 24,000 ????"? ?-22,000 ????"?
???? ??? ?'??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?-7 ????"? ???? ? ??? ?'??? ??????
??????? ????? ?? ???? , ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??26 ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
???? ???? ?????? , ??? ???? ???? 474 ???? ??????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????
???? ???? ????? , ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?-2 ????"?, ???? ???? ???????? ?????
??? ???????? ????? , ??? ?????? ???? 50 ??????, ???? ???? ????????
T?dai-ji ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????-?'? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?-8 ??????
???? ???? ? ?? ????? . ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?-13 ?? ??? ???? ?-15
??? ?????? ????? ? ??????-??? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?-13
??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? 1886
??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-19 ???????
??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? , ??? ???? ???? 1892, ?????? ? ?????? ?????????
??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? , ??? ???? ???? 1894 ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????
???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 1880
???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? . ???? ???? ???? 1921
??? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ?'????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? 1931
????? ?? ???? ?????? , ??? ????? 128 ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? 2002.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Venus of Berekhat Ram (230-700,000 BCE) cork.com
^ "Lion man takes pride of place as oldest statue" by Rex Dalton, Nature 425, 7 (4 September 2003) doi:10.1038/425007a also Nature News 4 September 2003
^ "Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture" by Martin Bailey, The Art Newspaper 31 January 2013
^ " "It must be a woman" - The female depictions from Hohle Fels date to 40,000 years ago..." Universitat Tubingen. ???? 22, 2016. ????? ?- ????? ?-??????? 11, 2016 . ???? ?-???? 26, 2016 .
^ The Egyptian Museum in Cairo by Abeer El-Shahawy and Farid Atiya (10 November 2005) ISBN 9771721836 page 117
^ The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt by Donald B. Redford (15 December 2000) ISBN 0195102347 page 230
^ Egyptian Statues by Gay Robins (4 March 2008) ISBN 0747805202 page 28
^ Famous Firsts in the Ancient Greek and Roman World by David Matz (Jun 2000) ISBN 0786405996 page 87
^ The Art of Rome c.753 B.C.-A.D. 337 by Jerome Jordan Pollitt (30 June 1983) ISBN 052127365X page 19
^ Byzantine Art by Charles Bayet (1 October 2009) ISBN 1844846202 page 54
^ Giedion-Welcker, Carola, ‘’Contemporary Sculpture: An Evolution in Volume and Space, A revised and Enlarged Edition’’, Faber and Faber, London, 1961 pp. X to XX

[1] Venus of Berekhat Ram (230-700,000 BCE) cork.com

[2] "Lion man takes pride of place as oldest statue" by Rex Dalton, Nature 425, 7 (4 September 2003) doi:10.1038/425007a also Nature News 4 September 2003

[3] "Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture" by Martin Bailey, The Art Newspaper 31 January 2013

[4] " "It must be a woman" - The female depictions from Hohle Fels date to 40,000 years ago..." Universitat Tubingen. ???? 22, 2016. ????? ?- ????? ?-??????? 11, 2016 . ???? ?-???? 26, 2016 .

[5] The Egyptian Museum in Cairo by Abeer El-Shahawy and Farid Atiya (10 November 2005) ISBN 9771721836 page 117

[6] The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt by Donald B. Redford (15 December 2000) ISBN 0195102347 page 230

[7] Egyptian Statues by Gay Robins (4 March 2008) ISBN 0747805202 page 28

[8] Famous Firsts in the Ancient Greek and Roman World by David Matz (Jun 2000) ISBN 0786405996 page 87

[9] The Art of Rome c.753 B.C.-A.D. 337 by Jerome Jordan Pollitt (30 June 1983) ISBN 052127365X page 19

[Byz-10] Byzantine Art by Charles Bayet (1 October 2009) ISBN 1844846202 page 54

[11] Giedion-Welcker, Carola, ‘’Contemporary Sculpture: An Evolution in Volume and Space, A revised and Enlarged Edition’’, Faber and Faber, London, 1961 pp. X to XX

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