???????????????

????????????????????????? (? ?????? : Psychophysiology ) ??? ??? ? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????????. ^[1] ??????????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?-60 ??-70 ?? ???? ?-20, ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????????? (???? EEG ), ????? ????? ( MRI , PET ) ? ?????????? . ????? ????? ??????? ???-???????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????, ?????????, ????????????, ????? ??????.

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???/??? ?? ? ??????? . ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? (?????? ?? - ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????). ??????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????????-????????? ???? ???. ??????????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ???? ?-70, ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[2]

????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????. ???????, ??????????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? , ??? ???? ????? ???? ????, ?????????????? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ??????; ???? ???? , ?????? ????????????????? , ?????? ? ?????????? , ????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? . ^[3] ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ^[4] ????? NASA-TLX, ^[5] ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??. ^[6] ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????. ^[7] ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? , ??????? ????? (EDA), ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? . ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????????? ????????, ???? ??? ??? (?????????????????, EEG), ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (fMRI), ??????? ????? (???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????, SCR ?????? ??? ??????, GSR), ????? ?????????????? ( ??? ?? , HR; ?????? ????, BPM; ????? ??? ?? , HRV; ?????? ??? ??), ?????? ?????? ( ?????????????? , EMG), ??????? ????? ?????? (EGG), ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? . ^[8] ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ^[3] ?? ???, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ^[9]

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? . ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ^[10] ??????? ????? ????? ^[11] ???????? ????? ?????????. ^[12]

????? ????? ??????????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ^[13] ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? (ANS) ?????? ?????? ???????. ????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ANS ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?-1983, ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ^[14] ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ANS ?????? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ^[15] ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?-ANS. ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?-ANS ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ^[16] ??? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???-?????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ^[17] ???? ???, ?? ???? ????? ???? ??-????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????.

??????? ??????????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???????? ????????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???-????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????.

???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????. ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? , ??? , ??????? ?????? ? ????? .

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ MeSH Browser , meshb.nlm.nih.gov
^ A. Schell, M.E. Dawson, Psychophysiology , Elsevier, 2001, ??' 12448?12452, ISBN 978-0-08-043076-8 . (???????)
^ ¹ ² Margaret M. Bradley, Peter J. Lang, Emotion and Motivation , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ??' 581?607
^ Margaret M. Bradley, Peter J. Lang, Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential , Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25, 1994-03, ??' 49?59 doi : 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
^ Sandra G. Hart, Lowell E. Staveland, Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research , Elsevier, 1988, ??' 139?183
^ Stefan Wiens, Elizabeth S. Mezzacappa, Edward S. Katkin, Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions , Cognition & Emotion 14, 2000-05, ??' 417?427 doi : 10.1080/026999300378905
^ Michael D. Robinson, Gerald L. Clore, Episodic and semantic knowledge in emotional self-report: Evidence for two judgment processes. , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83, 2002-07, ??' 198?215 doi : 10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.198
^ Yotam Sahar, Tomer Elbaum, Oren Musicant, Michael Wagner, Leon Altarac, Shraga Shoval, Mapping Grip Force Characteristics in the Measurement of Stress in Driving , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, 2023-02-23, ??' 4005 doi : 10.3390/ijerph20054005
^ L. M. Glynn, The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity: Cardiovascular Consequences of Emotional States , Psychosomatic Medicine 64, 2002-09-01, ??' 714?726 doi : 10.1097/01.PSY.0000031574.42041.23
^ David G. Cooper, Ivon Arroyo, Beverly Park Woolf, Kasia Muldner, Winslow Burleson, Robert Christopherson, Sensors Model Student Self Concept in the Classroom , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, ??' 30?41, ISBN 978-3-642-02246-3
^ M. S. Hussain, Omar AlZoubi, Rafael A. Calvo, Sidney K. D’Mello, Affect Detection from Multichannel Physiology during Learning Sessions with AutoTutor , ??? 6738, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, ??' 131?138, ISBN 978-3-642-21868-2
^ Yotam Sahar, Michael Wagner, Ariel Barel, Shraga Shoval, Stress-Adaptive Training: An Adaptive Psychomotor Training According to Stress Measured by Grip Force , Sensors 22, 2022-11-01, ??' 8368 doi : 10.3390/s22218368
^ WILLIAM JAMES, II.?WHAT IS AN EMOTION ? , Mind os-IX, 1884, ??' 188?205 doi : 10.1093/mind/os-ix.34.188
^ Paul Ekman, Robert W Levenson, Wallace V. Friesen, Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Among Emotions , Science 221, 1983-09-16, ??' 1208?1210 doi : 10.1126/science.6612338
^ Michael Lewis, Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Handbook of Emotions, Third Edition , Guilford Press, 2008-04-17, ISBN 978-1-60623-803-5 . (???????)
^ Gerhard Stemmler, Jan Wacker, Personality, emotion, and individual differences in physiological responses , Biological Psychology 84, 2010-07, ??' 541?551 doi : 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.012
^ Cornelius T. Gross, Newton Sabino Canteras, The many paths to fear , Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, 2012-09, ??' 651?658 doi : 10.1038/nrn3301

?????: ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? .

[1] MeSH Browser , meshb.nlm.nih.gov

[2] A. Schell, M.E. Dawson, Psychophysiology , Elsevier, 2001, ??' 12448?12452, ISBN 978-0-08-043076-8 . (???????)

[:0-3] ¹ ² Margaret M. Bradley, Peter J. Lang, Emotion and Motivation , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ??' 581?607

[4] Margaret M. Bradley, Peter J. Lang, Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential , Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25, 1994-03, ??' 49?59 doi : 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9

[5] Sandra G. Hart, Lowell E. Staveland, Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research , Elsevier, 1988, ??' 139?183

[6] Stefan Wiens, Elizabeth S. Mezzacappa, Edward S. Katkin, Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions , Cognition & Emotion 14, 2000-05, ??' 417?427 doi : 10.1080/026999300378905

[7] Michael D. Robinson, Gerald L. Clore, Episodic and semantic knowledge in emotional self-report: Evidence for two judgment processes. , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83, 2002-07, ??' 198?215 doi : 10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.198

[8] Yotam Sahar, Tomer Elbaum, Oren Musicant, Michael Wagner, Leon Altarac, Shraga Shoval, Mapping Grip Force Characteristics in the Measurement of Stress in Driving , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, 2023-02-23, ??' 4005 doi : 10.3390/ijerph20054005

[9] L. M. Glynn, The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity: Cardiovascular Consequences of Emotional States , Psychosomatic Medicine 64, 2002-09-01, ??' 714?726 doi : 10.1097/01.PSY.0000031574.42041.23

[10] David G. Cooper, Ivon Arroyo, Beverly Park Woolf, Kasia Muldner, Winslow Burleson, Robert Christopherson, Sensors Model Student Self Concept in the Classroom , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, ??' 30?41, ISBN 978-3-642-02246-3

[11] M. S. Hussain, Omar AlZoubi, Rafael A. Calvo, Sidney K. D’Mello, Affect Detection from Multichannel Physiology during Learning Sessions with AutoTutor , ??? 6738, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, ??' 131?138, ISBN 978-3-642-21868-2

[12] Yotam Sahar, Michael Wagner, Ariel Barel, Shraga Shoval, Stress-Adaptive Training: An Adaptive Psychomotor Training According to Stress Measured by Grip Force , Sensors 22, 2022-11-01, ??' 8368 doi : 10.3390/s22218368

[13] WILLIAM JAMES, II.?WHAT IS AN EMOTION ? , Mind os-IX, 1884, ??' 188?205 doi : 10.1093/mind/os-ix.34.188

[14] Paul Ekman, Robert W Levenson, Wallace V. Friesen, Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Among Emotions , Science 221, 1983-09-16, ??' 1208?1210 doi : 10.1126/science.6612338

[15] Michael Lewis, Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Handbook of Emotions, Third Edition , Guilford Press, 2008-04-17, ISBN 978-1-60623-803-5 . (???????)

[16] Gerhard Stemmler, Jan Wacker, Personality, emotion, and individual differences in physiological responses , Biological Psychology 84, 2010-07, ??' 541?551 doi : 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.012

[17] Cornelius T. Gross, Newton Sabino Canteras, The many paths to fear , Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, 2012-09, ??' 651?658 doi : 10.1038/nrn3301

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