??????

????????? ?? ????? ?? ? ???? , ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?-1.5 ??? ? ????? ^[1]. ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???????? -??????? ? ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ?????? .

???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[2]^[3] ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ^[4].

??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ??????-????? . ????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ?? ???? ???? ???????, ??????????? , ????? ???? ?? ^[5]. ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ^[1]^[6]. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ???????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ??? . ????, ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ???????, ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? (?????? ????????? ??????? ????), ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? ???? ?-180,000 ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????-???? ???? . ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? (Negrillos) ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? , ????? , ????? ???????? , ????? ( ??? ???? ), ???? ? ?????? . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ^[7].

??????? ????? ?????? " ??????? " (Negritos) ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????????? , ??? ??? ????? ( ????? ? ?????? ) ?? ??? ????? ( ???? ). ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? - ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????-??????.

????? ??????? ?????? Bambuti ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ^[4]. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? - ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 137 ?????????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????, ? ???? ?? ???? ???? , ???? " ????? ", ??? 2010
African Pygmies Culture, photos and music
topic/Pygmy, topic/pygmoid ?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² Becker NS, Verdu P, Hewlett B, Pavard S.,‏ Can life history trade-offs explain the evolution of short stature in human pygmies? A response to Migliano et al. (2007). ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"Hum Biol. 2010 Feb;82(1):17-27.")
^ Lopez Herraez D, Bauchet M, Tang K, Theunert C, Pugach I, Li J, Nandineni MR, Gross A, Scholz M, Stoneking M.,‏ Genetic variation and recent positive selection in worldwide human populations: evidence from nearly 1 million SNPs. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"PLoS One. 2009 Nov 18;4(11):e7888.")
^ Meazza C, Travaglino P, Pagani S, Laarej K, Duse M, Bozzola M.,‏ Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia in Babinga Pygmies is present from infancy. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009 Oct-Dec;22(4):1117-20.")
^ ¹ ² Bambuti , ???? ??????????? ????????
^ Robert J. Sternberg, Elena L. Grigorenko, and Kenneth K. Kidd,‏ Intelligence, Race, and Genetics , ???? American Psychological Association
^ Vandamme AM, Salemi M, Van Brussel M, Liu HF, Van Laethem K, Van Ranst M, Michels L, Desmyter J, Goubau P.,‏ African origin of human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) supported by a potential new HTLV-2d subtype in Congolese Bambuti Efe Pygmies. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):4327-40.")
^ Etienne Patin, Guillaume Laval, Luis B. Barreiro, Antonio Salas, Ornella Semino, Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Kenneth K. Kidd, Judith R. Kidd, Lolke Van der Veen, Jean-Marie Hombert, Antoine Gessain, Alain Froment, Serge Bahuchet, Evelyne Heyer, and Lluis Quintana-Murci1,‏ Inferring the Demographic History of African Farmers and Pygmy Hunter?Gatherers Using a Multilocus Resequencing Data Set , ???? PubMed (???? ?"PLoS Genet. 2009 April; 5(4): e1000448. ")

[חיים-1] ¹ ² Becker NS, Verdu P, Hewlett B, Pavard S.,‏ Can life history trade-offs explain the evolution of short stature in human pygmies? A response to Migliano et al. (2007). ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"Hum Biol. 2010 Feb;82(1):17-27.")

[2] Lopez Herraez D, Bauchet M, Tang K, Theunert C, Pugach I, Li J, Nandineni MR, Gross A, Scholz M, Stoneking M.,‏ Genetic variation and recent positive selection in worldwide human populations: evidence from nearly 1 million SNPs. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"PLoS One. 2009 Nov 18;4(11):e7888.")

[3] Meazza C, Travaglino P, Pagani S, Laarej K, Duse M, Bozzola M.,‏ Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia in Babinga Pygmies is present from infancy. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009 Oct-Dec;22(4):1117-20.")

[בריטניקה-4] ¹ ² Bambuti , ???? ??????????? ????????

[5] Robert J. Sternberg, Elena L. Grigorenko, and Kenneth K. Kidd,‏ Intelligence, Race, and Genetics , ???? American Psychological Association

[6] Vandamme AM, Salemi M, Van Brussel M, Liu HF, Van Laethem K, Van Ranst M, Michels L, Desmyter J, Goubau P.,‏ African origin of human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) supported by a potential new HTLV-2d subtype in Congolese Bambuti Efe Pygmies. ‎, ???? PubMed (???? ?"J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):4327-40.")

[7] Etienne Patin, Guillaume Laval, Luis B. Barreiro, Antonio Salas, Ornella Semino, Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Kenneth K. Kidd, Judith R. Kidd, Lolke Van der Veen, Jean-Marie Hombert, Antoine Gessain, Alain Froment, Serge Bahuchet, Evelyne Heyer, and Lluis Quintana-Murci1,‏ Inferring the Demographic History of African Farmers and Pygmy Hunter?Gatherers Using a Multilocus Resequencing Data Set , ???? PubMed (???? ?"PLoS Genet. 2009 April; 5(4): e1000448. ")

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