한국   대만   중국   일본 
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פגי ויטסון
??? ??????
??? ??????
???? 9 ??????? 1960 (?? 64)
????? , ????? ?????
???? ????
?????? ??????????? ?????? ???"?
???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ארצות הברית
?????
????? ???? ?????????
??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????"? (2009?2012)
????? ?????? 1996 ? ???? 2018 [2] (??22 ????)
??? ????? ???? 665 ????, 22 ???? ?-22 ???? [3]
???? ?????? ???-????? ‏ 10 [1]
??? ????? ??????? ???-????? 60 ???? ?-21 ???? [4]
????? ????? ?????????
???????? ????"? ??? ??????
??????
STS-111 , ????? 5 ? ???? ???? ?????????? , STS-113 , ????? TMA-11 ,
????? 16 ????? ???? ????? MS-03 ,
????? 50, 51 ?-52 ????? ????
???????
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???"? ( 1995 )
  • ??? ???? ???? ( 2017 )
  • 100 ???? (BBC) ( 2017 )
  • NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal ( 2013 )
  • Space Flight Award ( 2017 )
  • ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ( 2018 )
  • International Air & Space Hall of Fame ( 2018 )
  • ???? 100 ( 2018 )
  • ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ( 12 ?????? 2011 )
  • ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???"? ( 2008 )
  • ?????? ???"? ????? ???? ( 2003 )
  • ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???"? ( 2003 )
  • ?????? ???"? ????? ???? ( 2008 )
  • NASA Certificate of Appreciation ( 2006 )
  • NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal ( 2006 )
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???"? ( 2006 )
  • ??? ???? ???? ???? ( 2019 ) עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

??? ??? ?????? (? ?????? : Peggy Annette Whitson ; ????? ?- 9 ??????? 1960 ) ??? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? . ??? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?-665 ???? . ???? ???? 2017, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? 10 ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 60 ???? ?-21 ????. [4] ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? 16 ???? 2007. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 50/51, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? 51 ???? 2017 , ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. [5] ???? ??????? 2017, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (???? ?-665 ????). [6]

???? 2023 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? Axiom Mission 2 .

?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? Axiom Mission 4 ?????? ?????? ???????? 2024.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? , ????? ????? ??? ??????????. [7] ????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? . [8] ????? ?????? ????? ???? 1978 , ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????'. ???? ???? ????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ???? , ???? ????? ?- 1985 . ?????? ???? ???-?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?. ????. ?? ??????? 1986 . [5]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ??????????? ????, ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ?'????? ???????, ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? .

?????? 1988 ?? ?????? 1989 , ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?'?????.

?- 1991 ?? 1997 , ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? (Adjunct Assistant Professor) ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ????????, ????. [5]

?-1997, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????. [5]

?- 1992 ?? 1995 , ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?'????? .

????"? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? NEEMO 5 ?????? ????? ????????. ?????: ????? ?????: ???? ?????? , ??? ??????; ?????: ??? ??????, ??????? ???????; ????: ? '???? ?????, ???? ???.

??? ????? 1989?1993 ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???-????? ????? ???? ?'?????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????: ?-1991?1992 ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? Bone Cell Research Experiment (E-10), ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? STS-47 . ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????. ????? ????? 1991?1993 ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????. [5]

???? 1992 ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? (?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? STS-60 , STS-63 , STS-71 , ??????? 18 ?-19 ? ???? ???? ??? ). ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? A1 ??????? ???? 1995. ?????? ????? ?? ???"? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? (U.S.-Russian Mission Science Working Group). [5]

???? ????? ?? ?????? 1993?1996 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?'?????.

?????? 1996 ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? 1996. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? (?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????). ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? 1998?1999.

?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??' 5 ????? ???? ????-?????? , ????? ?? ???? ??????.

????? 2003 ?????? ????? ????? ????? NEEMO 5 ????? ????? ???-??? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 14 ???.

??????? 2003 ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2005. ??????? ??? 2005 - ?????? 2005 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????, ?????? ????? ???? ????????????.

?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 14 ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???'???, ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? 2005 ??? ?????? 2006 (???? ????? ????? 14). ???? ???, ????? ????? ????? ????? ??' 16 ????? ???? ????-?????? , ?????? ???????? 2007, ????? ???? 191 ???.

???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? 2009 ??? ???? 2012, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????????. ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? ???? ??????? 2016 ?????? ????? ??' 50 / 51 ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 51 ????? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? 52. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? 2017 ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ?-665 ???.

?-15 ????? 2018, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????"?. [2]

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???-????? ????? ????? 5 ????? ???? ??????????

????? ??' 5 ????? ???? ????-?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? 5 ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?-5 ????? 2002, ?????? ???? ?????? STS-111 . ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?-7 ????? 2002. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ??????), ??? ?????? ? ???? ????'?? .

????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? (??????2) .

?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? 4 ???? ?-25 ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? (Microgravity Science Glovebox), ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????.

????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???"?, ???? ????? 21 ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? , ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. [5]

????? 5 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? STS-113 ?-7 ?????? 2002. ??"? ?????? ???? ???? 184 ????, 22 ???? ?-14 ???? ?????? ???? ??. [5]

????? 16 ????? ???? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 16 ????? ???? ?????? ?-10 ???????? 2007 ?? ????? TMA-11 . ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????'??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????' ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? [9] ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? , ????? ???? , ???????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? . [5]

??? ???????: ????? ???????

????? ????? 16 ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? STS-120 , ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? . ?? ?????? ?? ????? STS-120 ????? ???? ??????????, ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? [10] [7]

??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? , ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? 16 ?-18 ?????? 2007, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? (??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? 2012?2017, ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? [11] ). ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ??? 32 ???? ?-36 ????.

???? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 39 ???? ?-46 ???? ?????? ??? ?????. [5]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? TMA-11 ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????'??? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??-??? ?-19 ?????? 2008. ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?-10g. [12] ?????? ???? ?-420 ?"? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????. [13]

??"? ?????? ???? ???? 191 ????, 19 ???? ?-8 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????.

?????? 50/51/52 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? 50/51, ??? ????? ???? ?-17 ??????? 2016. [5] ?????? ????? ?? ????? 51, [14] [15] ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? . [5]

????? ????? 50, ?????? 2017 ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????. ??????? ????? 6 ???? ?-32 ????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (7) ??? ?? ?????? ??????? (?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???). [16]

?-30 ???? 2017, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???, ?????? 7 ???? ?-4 ????. [17] ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? [11]

?? ????? ????? 51 ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????.

?-24 ?????? 2017, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? (??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?'? ???????? , ???? 534 ???, 2 ???? ?-48 ????). [18]

?-12 ??? 2017, ????? ?????? ? ?'? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?-200 ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??????. [19] ?????? ????? 4 ???? ?-13 ????. [20] ???, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? (57 ???? ?-35 ????), ?????? 5 ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? (???? ??????). [4]

?-23 ???? 2017, ?????? ??'? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-MDM ??????? (External-1 (EXT-1) Multiplexer/Demultiplexer) ??????? ????????? ?-20 ????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? 48 ????, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? 2016. [21] ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?-46 ????, ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? 60 ???? ?-21 ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? (???? ????? 2018) [1]

?-1 ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ????'???? , ???? ????? 52. [22] [23]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? MS-04 ?-3 ??????? 2017, ??? ?? ???? ?????'????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? 289 ???, 5 ???? ????. [3] ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ?? 665 ??? 22 ???? ?-22 ???? [24]

????? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????"? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? , ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????.

?????? 2021 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? Axiom Mission-1 (???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ). [25]

???? 2021 ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? Axiom Mission 2 ????? ???? ??????????. [26] ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ?'?? ?????, ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????: ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? . ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? SpaceX , ?-9 ???? 2023. [27] ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???”? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 9 ?? SpaceX . [28]

????? ?????? ?-21 ???? 2023 ??????? ????? ???? ????-?????? ?-22 ???? ?????? ?????? 8 ????. [29] ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ?-30 ????, 2023 ???? 22:04. [30] ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? .

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??:

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ 1 2 ???? 2017, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???, NASA Space Station On-Orbit Status 23 May 2017 - Unexpected Spacewalk Completed ??? spaceref.com ?????? 23 ???? 2017
  2. ^ 1 2 ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? , ???"?, ????? 18?054, 15 ????? 2018
  3. ^ 1 2 ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? spacefacts
  4. ^ 1 2 3 ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? , ???? ?????? ??? ??? EVA ?????, ???? ???? 2017
  5. ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???"?
  6. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד ??-??, ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? 288 ???? ???? , ???? ???? , 3 ??????? 2017
  7. ^ 1 2 Female commanders set for landmark mission ????? ?????, ??? MSNBC ?????? 13 ??????? 2007
  8. ^ ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? , ???"?, 17 ??????? 2016
  9. ^ Astronauts Ponder State of Space Exploration ???? ?????, ??? Fox news, ?????? 4 ???????? 2007
  10. ^ Chicks Rule Space Tour ?'??? ?????, ????? ABC ?????? 247 ???????? 2007
  11. ^ 1 2 ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ???"?, ?????? 30 ???? 2017
  12. ^ Soyuz crew endures severe G-forces on re-entry ??? CNN, 19 ?????? 2008
  13. ^ First South Korean Astronauts lands way off course ?????? 20 ?????? 2008
  14. ^ "NASA, Space Station Partners Announce Crew Members for Missions in 2017"
  15. ^ ISS Expedition 51 mission patch ??? collectspace.com ?????? 2015
  16. ^ ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????, ????? EVA-38 ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, Americanspace.com
  17. ^ Astronaut Peggy Whitson sets spacewalk record ?????? ??????, CBSNEWS, ?????? 30 ???? 2017
  18. ^ ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? , ??? ???"?, 24 ?????? 2017
  19. ^ ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?-200 ?????? ?????? 12 ???? 2017, ???? ???????, nasaspacefight.com
  20. ^ Landmark 200th Space Station Spacewalk Starts With Glitch But Ends in 'Awesomesauce' ??? ????, ??? space.com ?????? 12 ???? 2017
  21. ^ Spacewalkers successfully complete EVA to replace failed EXT-1 MDM ???? ??????? ?????? 23 ???? 2017, ??? nasaspaceflight.com
  22. ^ < Garcia, Mark ( 1 ????? 2017 ). "????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????" . NASA . ???? ?- 18 ????? 2017 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  23. ^ "Tearful Whitson transfers ISS command in 'bittersweet' handover" . Reuters. 2 ????? 2017 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  24. ^ 'American Space Ninja' Back On Earth After Record-Breaking Flight ??? NPR ?????? 3 ??????? 2017
  25. ^ Axiom Space [@Axiom_Space]. "The first private ISS crew in the history of humankind has been assembled. Commander Michael Lopez-Alegria, Mission Pilot Larry Connor, Mission Specialist Mark Pathy, Mission Specialist Eytan Stibbe, Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1): The start of a new era" (Tweet) – via Twitter .
  26. ^ Record-holding astronaut Peggy Whitson and mission pilot John Shoffner to lead Axiom Space’s Ax-2 mission to enable new research in space
  27. ^ ???? ???, ? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????: ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? , 7 ?????? 2023
  28. ^ Who is Rayyanah Barnawi, first Saudi woman to voyage in space? , Hindustan Times, ‏2023-04-07 (???????)
  29. ^ ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????: "???? ????" , ???? ????? ‏, 21 ???? 2023
  30. ^ Jackie Wattles, SpaceX Axiom 2 mission returns from space station , CNN, ‏2023-05-30 (???????)
  31. ^ ???? ???? ( ?????? 2018 ). "????? ?-100, ??? ??????" . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
????? ???? " https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???_??????&oldid=38739295 "