한국   대만   중국   일본 
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(????? ???? ????? ???? )
An Illustration of Poe's "The Raven" by Gustav Dore
???? ?? " ????? " ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? .

?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????. [1] ????????? ?????? ?'??. ???. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?"????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????... ??? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????". [2] ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ???-????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??-?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? . ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? , ???? , ?????? , ???? ??? , ?'???? , ???? , ?????? , ?????? , ?????? , ?????? ????????? ?????-??????????? , ?????? ??????? , ???????? , ????????? , ???? , ??????? ?????? , ?????? , ??? ? ??????? .

??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? " ?????? ????? ". ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? 1765 , " ???? ??????? ", ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ? ??? ?-19 , ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? , ? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? (????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????), ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? [3] .

?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?.?.?. ????? , ???? ? ????? ?????? , ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? , ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? - ????? ???? ?-19 [3] . ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??, " ??????? ????? ???? '". ?????? ???? " ??? ???? " ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ?. ?. ?'?????? (W. W. Jacobs), ???? 1902 ???? ????? "The Lady of the Barge" ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? [4] . ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?.?. ??????? ???? ? ???? ?-30 ?? ???? ?-20 . ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? . ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? - ??????? ????? ???? , ???? "?????? ?? ??????".

? ????? ???? ????? ?? "???? ????" ?? ?? ???? , ??? "??? ????? ?????" ?? ????? ?????? ?"??? ?????" ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ?- 2007 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. [5]

? ????? 2024 , ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ! - ????? ??????, ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1000 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Athenodorus and the ghost, by Henry Justice Ford, תבנית:Circa 1900
?????????

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???? , ? ???? ????? ????? , ? ??? , ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? . [6] ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ??????, ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????????. [7] ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 1818, " ?????????? ", ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? , ? ???????? ????? ?????. [8] ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????, "????????? ??????????" ?"?????????". ????? ?? ???????? , "????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????" ????? ? ????? , ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? , ??????, ?????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?????????. [9]

??????? ????? (61 ?? 113) ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? . ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? , ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ??????? . ????? ????? ????; ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????. [10]

???? 1000 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ( ??' ) ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? "????????".

A Print of Vlad III
???? ?????

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???, "???? ?? ??????". ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???, "???????" ?"??????".

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?-15. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? , ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ????? ???? 1499 ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???. [11] ????? ????? ?????? ?'?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?" ???? ???? ". [12] ?????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????, ???'?? ?????? , ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?-18, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????'? ???? 1729, "???????? ??????". [13]

???? ?-18 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????, "???? ???????" (1764), ???? ???? ??????? ???. [14]

???? ?-18 ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? 1764, "???? ???????". ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????. [14] ???? ??????? ????????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ??????????? , ?????????? , ?? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?????????. [14] ????? ????? ????? ?"?????" (1786) ??? ?????? ??????, "???? ?????????" (1790), " ??????? ?? ??????? " (1794) ?"???????" (1796) ??? ?? ?????? ?"?????" (1797) ??? ??'?? ?????. [14] ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???; ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????????. [15]

???? ?-19 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ??? ???'?? ???'??? (1840?1841)

?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-19. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? " ??? ???? " ??? ????? ???? (1812), " ?????????? " ??? ??? ??? (1818), "?????" ??? ?'?? ???????? (1819), "?????' ?????" ??? ?'???? ?????? (1820), " ????? ?? ????? ???? " ??? ????????? ???????? (1820), "??????!: ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????" ??? ?'??? ??. ????? (1827), " ????? ???????? " ??? ?????? ???? (1831), "???? ?????" ??? ????? ??? ???? (1847), ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? , ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????, " ????? ????? ?? ?"? ?'??? ??? ???? " ??? ????? ????? ???????? (1886), " ?????? ?? ?????? ???? " ??? ????? ????? (1890), " ????? ????? ???? " ??? ????? ?'???' ??? (1897), ?" ?????? " ??? ??? ????? (1897). ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????????. [16]

???? ?-20 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????, ????? ??? ?" ????? ?????? " ???? 1910. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? , ??? ??? ?????? , ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ??????, ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? "???? ?? ??????? ?????" (1925), ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ; ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? "??????? ??????" ?"?????? ?? ??????". [17]

????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?-20 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???. ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?.?. ??????? , ??????? ??? ????? ??'???? . ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ( ??' ) ????????? ????, ????? ? ?. ?. ?'???? ( ??' ) ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ( ??' ) . [18]

???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?'? ????? , ????? ???, ???? ?????? , ???? ????? ? ????? ??? , ?????? ?? ?????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? . ???? 1959, ????? ???? , ?????? ???????, ??? ?? " ????? ". ?????? ?????? ?-1969 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?-70. ?-1981 ??? ????? ????? ?? " ?????? ????? ", ????? ?? ?? ?"? ?????? ???? . ?-1988 ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????, " ????? ?????? ".

??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?-60 ??-70, ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? EC ?????? (????? "??????? ???????"). [19] ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. [20] [21]

Stephen King
????? ????

?????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ?.?. ??????? "????? ????" (1925), "?????" (1926), ?"??????????", ?"???????? ????" (1941) ?? ???? ?????. ????? " ??? ???? " ?? ???'?? ??'??? (1954) ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?'???' ?. ????? .

???? ???? ?-60 ?????? ???? ?-70, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? " ?????? ?? ?????? " (1967) ??? ????? ???? , " ???? ????? " ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?" ???? " ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????? "??? ?????". [22]

??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?-20 ??? ????? ???? , ????? ??? ??????? " ???? ", " ?????? ", " ?? ", " ????? " ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??-200 ??????? ?????. [23] [24] ??? ????? ?-70, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? 2003. [25] ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????: ?? ???? , ????? ?????, ????? ????????, ?'???? ?????, ??? ???? , ????? ????? , [26] ???? ?????, [27] ????? ??????.

???? ?-21 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? "?????" ?? ?? ?????? ???? 2007, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? "????? ???? ????? ???????" (2009), ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? "????????" (1993 ?????) ?" ????? " ?? ???? ??????? (1993 ?????). ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? "??? ?????" ?? ???? ?. ????????? (2000), ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ??? "???????????" ??? ??? ????? (2009). ?????, ????? ????, ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? "???? ?????". [28] ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? (??? ??? ???? ????? ???????????), ???????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????. [28] ????? ???, ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? "???? ?????". ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??-????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???. [29]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? , ???? ???? ?????, " ?????? ". [30] ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? . ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?-1995 ?? 2008. [31] [32] ???? ????? ?'???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????-???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Carroll, Noel (1990). The Philosophy of Horror or Paradoxes of the Heart . New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 28, 36, 53. ISBN   0-415-90145-6 . Art-horror requires evaluation both in terms of threat and disgust. ... some emotional states are the cognitive-evaluative sort. And, of course, I would hold that art-horror is one of these. ... The audience's psychological state, therefore, diverges from the psychological state of characters in respect of belief, but converges on that of characters with respect to the way in which the properties of said monsters are emotively assessed.
  2. ^ Cuddon, J.A. (1984). "Introduction" . The Penguin Book of Horror Stories . Harmondsworth: Penguin. p.  11 . ISBN   0-14-006799-X .
  3. ^ 1 2 Horror story , Britannica
  4. ^ ??? ?????? ??????
  5. ^ ???? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ???? , ???? ynet , 3 ???????? 2007
  6. ^ Jackson, Rosemary (1981). Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion . London: Methuen . pp. 53?5, 68?9.
  7. ^ "Even Ancient Greeks and Romans Enjoyed Good Scary Stories, Professor Says" . phys.org (???????) . ???? ?- 2020-09-02 .
  8. ^ Though the sub-title of Frankenstein references the titan Prometheus, none of the ancient myths about Prometheus is itself a horror tale.
  9. ^ John Dryden, 1683: full text
  10. ^ Pliny the Younger (1909?14). "LXXXIII. To Sura". In Charles W. Eliot. Letters, by Pliny the Younger; translated by William Melmoth ; revised by F. C. T. Bosanquet. The Harvard Classics. 9. New York: P.F. Collier & Son.
  11. ^ Raymond T. McNally and Radu R. Florescu (1972). "In Search of Dracula." Houghton Milton. Pages 8?9.
  12. ^ Kiernan, Dr. Jas. G. "Sexual Perversion, and the Whitechapel Murders." The Medical Standard: IV.5. G. P. Engelhard and Company: Chicago.
  13. ^ in Ungaria suis cum regibus compendia data, Typis Academicis Soc. Jesu per Fridericum Gall. Anno MCCCXXIX. Mense Sepembri Die 8. p 188-193, quoted by Farin
  14. ^ 1 2 3 4 "The Castle of Otranto: The creepy tale that launched gothic fiction" . BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2017
  15. ^ Richard Davenport-Hines (1998). Gothic: 1500 Years of Excess, Horror, Evil and Ruin . London: Fourth Estate.
  16. ^ Christopher Frayling (1996). Nightmare: The Birth of Horror . London: BBC Books.
  17. ^ "Unknown". in: M.B. Tymn and Mike Ashley, Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Weird Fiction Magazines. Westport: Greenwood, 1985. pp.694-698. ISBN  0-313-21221-X
  18. ^ "Medieval Studies and the Ghost Stories of M. R. James By Patrick J. Murphy" . www.psupress.org . ???? ?- 2020-03-17 .
  19. ^ Hutchings, Peter (2008). The A to Z of Horror Cinema . The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 100. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 72. ISBN   978-0-8108-6887-8 . ???? ?- 29 ???????? 2015 . {{ cite book }} : ( ???? )
  20. ^ Collins, Max Allan (28 February 2013). "11 Most Controversial Comic Books" . HuffPost . Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  21. ^ Hansen, Kelli (1 October 2012). "Banned Books Week: Comics and Controversy" . University of Missouri . Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  22. ^ "Ira Levin's Rosemary's Baby (1967), Thomas Tyron's The Other (1971), and William Peter Blatty's The Exorcist (1971) were all released within a few years of one another...and their immense combined sales indicted to many publishers that horror was now a profitable marketing niche." Simmons, David, American Horror Fiction and Class: From Poe to Twilight . London: Palgrave Macmillan 2017 ISBN  9781137532800 (p.119)
  23. ^ Barone, Matt (8 November 2011). "The 25 Best Stephen King Stories" . Complex . Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  24. ^ Jackson, Dan (18 February 2016). "A Beginner's Guide to Stephen King Books" . Thrillist . Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  25. ^ Hillel Italie ( 18 ??????? 2003 ). "Stephen King receives honorary National Book Award" . Ellensburg Daily Record . ???? ?- 12 ??????? 2010 . Stephen King, brand-name writer, master of the horror story and e-book pioneer, has received an unexpected literary honor: a National Book Award for lifetime achievement. {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  26. ^ K.A. Laity "Clive Barker" in Richard Bleiler, ed. Supernatural Fiction Writers: Contemporary Fantasy and Horror . New York: Thomson/Gale, 2003. ISBN  9780684312507 (pp. 61?70).
  27. ^ K.A. Laity, "Ramsey Campbell", in Richard Bleiler, ed. Supernatural Fiction Writers: Contemporary Fantasy and Horror . New York: Thomson/Gale, 2003. ISBN  9780684312507 (pp. 177?188.)
  28. ^ 1 2 Lester, Catherine (Fall 2016). "The Children's Horror Film" . The Velvet Light Trap . 78 (78): 22?37. doi : 10.7560/VLT7803 .
  29. ^ Pearce, Laura J.; Field, Andy P. (2016). "The Impact of "Scary" TV and Film on Children's Internalizing Emotions: A Meta-Analysis". Human Communication Research (???????). 42 (1): 98?121. doi : 10.1111/hcre.12069 . ISSN   1468-2958 .
  30. ^ "The Bram Stoker Awards" . Horror Writer's Association. ????? ?- ????? ?- 10 ???? 2007 . ???? ?- 13 ?????? 2010 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  31. ^ "IHG Award Recipients 1994?2006" . HorrorAward.org . ????? ?- ????? ?- 22 ?????? 2009 . ???? ?- 30 ???????? 2014 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  32. ^ "IHG Award Recipients 2007" . HorrorAward.org . ???? ?- 30 ???????? 2014 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
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