??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? "????????" (
La Foudroyante
) ?????? ???? ?-19
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??
???? ??????
????? ??? ????????, 1814.
??? ?? ????? ?????? "??????", ????? ?-1742. ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????'.
????? ???? ?????????, 1 ???? 1862.
??? ??????? (1801). ?????? ?????, ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.
????? ?????
(?
??????
:
Bomb vessel
,
Bomb ship
??
Bomb ketch
, ??
??????
:
Galiote a bombes
??
Bombarde
) ?????
????? ??????
??????? ?? ?????
17
?
19
, ??????? ?????? ???
??????
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????
?? ???????????
. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ????
?????
??
??????????
???
????? ????
. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????
???? ?????
??
??????
(Ketch), ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??
???? ?????
?? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??19, ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????
??? ??????
???? ???? ?-17 ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?'??????? (d'Elicagaray).
[1]
[2]
[3]
?? ????? ?????? Galiote a bombe, "
??????
" - ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????.
[4]
??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??
???'??
?-1682, ????? ?????? ????? ?-700 ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?
?'????
.
[1]
?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????.
[2]
?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
[1]
??? ??????? ??????
????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
[1]
?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??-??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???. ?????? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?-19 ?????? ???-???????
????? ????
(????? ?????? ???????), ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????.
[5]
????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????
?????
(????? ????????) ??? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (tender), ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
???????
, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????.
?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
??? ???
?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?
???? ?????
. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.
?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
????????? ??????
?
??????????
. ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??
??"? "?????"
?
??"? "????"
. ????? ????, ??? ???? ?
?? ?????
?
?? ???? (??????????)
?
?? ????
??????????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????.
?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?-19 (???:
???? ????????
, Paixhans), ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. ?
????? ??????? ?????????
?????
?? ??????
?????? ??????
????????? ?????? ??????? 13 ????'; ?????? ???? 17,250 ?????? ?????? ??? 4,500 ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? 204 ??????, ????? ???? ???? ??
??? ????
????? 7 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 30 ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???
???? ???????
?
?'???'??
.
[6]
- ?????? ?????? ????????
"???????????"
(
Racehorse
) ?
"????????"
(
Carcass
) ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-18 ???? ??
????? ??????
. ??????, ??? ??????, ????? ??
??????? ?????
?????.
[7]
- ?????? ?????? ????????
"????????????"
(
Discovery
),
"????????????'?"
(
Expolsion
),
"??????"
(
Hecla
),
"???????"
(
Solphur
),
"????"
(
Terror
),
"????????"
(
Volcano
) ?
"????????"
(
Zebra
) ?????? ?
??? ??????? ??????
?-1801.
[8]
- ?????? ??? ??????
?'????
(
Thunder
),
"????????"
(
Vesuvius
) ?
"???????"
(
Aetna
) ?????? ?
??? ??????? ????
?-1807.
[9]
- ?????? ??? ??????
?'????
?
"???????"
???? ??? ?? ?
??? ??? ?'???
(Ile-d'Aix) ?-1808. (??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????
?????? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.)
[10]
- ?????? "And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air" ?
????? ????????
, ??? ??? ?? ??????
?????? ???? ??
, ?????? ?? ?????? ?
??? ????????
?-1814, ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???-??????
"??????"
,
"?????"
(
Meteor
),
"??????????????"
(
Devastation
),
"???????"
?
"??????"
.
[11]
- ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
???? ??? ?????
?????? 1815, ?????
????? 1812
. ????? ?? ???? ???
????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
.
- ??"? "??????"
???? ??????
"?????"
(
Fury
) ??? ??????? ??? ?????
??????? ???
????? ????? ??
????????? ??????
??? 1819 ?-1827.
- ?
??? ???? ????
?-1838 ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? "???????" (
Vulcain
) ?"????????" (
Cyclope
) ?? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?
????????
.
- ??"? "?????"
?
??"? "????"
????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??
?'???? ????? ???
??????????? ?-1840?1843 ???
?'?? ???????
????????? ?????? ?-1845?1848. ??"? "????" ????? ??? ???? ??? ??
?'???' ??
????? ??
????????? ??????
?-1836?1837.
????? "????????" ???
??. ??. ??????
(??? ??? ?-1945), ?????? ?? ?????????? ??
???????? ?????????
, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ?? ????????? ????? "?????" ?"????'", ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ????, "????????? ???? ???? ???????", ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????.
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To harness the wind: a short history of the development of sails
. Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2003
- Bull, Stephen.
Encyclopedia of military technology and innovation
. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004
- de Montor, Alexis-Francois Artaud.
Encyclopedie des gens du monde (1833-1844)
. Digitized copy in:
wikisource
- Jal, Augustin.
Glossaire nautique: repertoire polyglotte de termes de marine anciens et modernes
. Firmin Didot freres, 1848
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The naval history of Great Britain (1800?1805)
.
Vol. 3
(New six volume ed.). London: Macmillan.
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The naval history of Great Britain (1805?1809)
.
Vol. 4
(New six volume ed.). London: Macmillan.
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The naval history of Great Britain (1813?1827)
.
Vol. 6
(New six volume ed.). London: Macmillan.
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Nelson's Navy
. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd..
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Handbook of 19th century naval warfare
. Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2000
- Ware, Chris.
The Bomb Vessel: Shore Bombardment Ships of the Age of Sail
. London, Conway Maritime Press, 1995
- Zorlu, Tuncay.
Innovation and empire in Turkey: Sultan Selim III and the modernisation of the Ottoman Navy
. I.B.Tauris, 2008
- ^
1
2
3
4
Spencer Tucker (2000).
Handbook of 19th century naval warfare
. Naval Institute Press. pp. 4?5.
- ^
1
2
Tuncay Zorlu (2008).
Innovation and empire in Turkey: Sultan Selim III and the modernisation of the Ottoman Navy
. I.B.Tauris. p. 128.
- ^
Stephen Bull (2004).
Encyclopedia of military technology and innovation
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44.
- ^
McLaughlan, Ian (2014).
The Sloop of War 1650-1763
. Seaforth Publishing. p. 109.
- ^
Leo Block (2003).
To harness the wind: a short history of the development of sails
. Naval Institute Press. p. 65
- ^
Stephen Bull (2004).
Encyclopedia of military technology and innovation
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 112.
- ^
Southey, Robert (2001) [1813].
The Life of Horatio Lord Nelson
. Starkville, MS: HTA Press.
- ^
James Vol 3, pp. 49?64.
- ^
James Vol 4, pp. 204?211.
- ^
James Vol 4, pp. 410?422.
- ^
James Vol 6, pp. 190?192.