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Lucius Annaeus Seneca
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?????? ??????	De Vita Beata , De ira , Epistulae morales ad Lucilium , ?? ???? ?????
?? ?? ?? ???	?????? ???????

??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ; ?? ???????? ??? ???????? , ??? ???? (??) .

?????? ????? ???? (? ?????? : Lucius Annaeus Seneca ), ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ( Seneca ) ?? ???? ????? ( 4 ????"? ???? ? 65 ??????), ^[1] ??? ??????? , ?????? , ? ????? ????? ?"????? ????" ?? ? ????? ??????? .

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???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? (Helvia) ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? . ???? ????? ?? ????, ???? ( ??' ) , ??? ????????? ????? (??, ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?- 52 ??????). ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ????? ????? ??????? , ??? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ???.

?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? , ? ????????? ?????? ? ???-???????? . ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???. ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????.

??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ???? 33 . ?- 35 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 40 ??? ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 15 ??? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. (???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????). ???? 41 ?????? , ???? ?? ????? ???????? , ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? "???????" ???? ??????.

???? 49 , ???? ????? ?? ???????? , ???????? ?????? , ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?. ???????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? . ???? ???????? ???? ???? 54 , ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ???????? ?? ??? ????????? , ??? ?? ????????.

???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ????? ???????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? . ???? 58 ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????. "??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????" ?? ???.

???? ?? ????? ???? 62 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? 64 , ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ???? 65 ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???.

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??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? , ??? ?? ??????????? (????? ???), ?????? ??????????, 124 ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (????? ????), ???? ??????? . ??? ????????? ???????? ??, ??????? , ?????? ???? ???. ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????, ????? ????. ^[2]

????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ???? . ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ???? "?????" ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? "?? ?????" (??? 2 ??? 10) ??? ????: "???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?????? ???????? ???????... ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????."

???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? , ?????????? ????????? , ??????? ? ???????? . ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? , ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? , ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?'?? ???? .

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????? ?????? . ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? . ?? ????, ????, ???"?. [?????: ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ????, ?????-??????? ???? ??????, ??????.]
????? ??? . [???? ?????; ????????? ???? ????] ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? . ?? ????, "???" ???????? ???? ?????? , ??"?.
????? ???? . ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? . ??? ?' - ???????, ????? ??, ?"?; ??? ?' - ?? ????, "???", ??"?.
????? ?????????? . ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? . ?? ????, "???" ???????? ???? ??????. ??? ?' - ??"?; ??? ?' - ??"? [?????: ?? ????? ????????, ?? ??????, ??????? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? (???? ?????, ???????? ???????)].
???? ?????? ????? ???? . ????: ??? ?????, ???? - ???? ??????. ???????, ???? ??????, ???"?. ??' 165-187.
?? ???? ????? . ????? ??????: ???? ???. ????? ??? ????? , ??"?.
?? ????? ???????? , ????? ???????? "?? ?????" ?"?? ????? ????", ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? . ????? ??? ????? , ??"?.
??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ????????: ?????? ?????-????? ? ????? ?"? , ' ???' , ??? ?', 2012, ??' 323.
???? - ?????? ?? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??? - ???????? ????? ?-?? 4 . ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ???????? . ???????, ???? ?????? , ????? ?????? ????? ???? , ???"? 2016.
?????? ?? ???????? , ??? ?'. ????? ????? ?????? . ???????, ????? ?????? ?"? ?"? ????? , 2017.
????; ?????? . ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ???????: ???? ??????, ???"? 2018.
??? ?????; ?????? . ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ???????: ???? ??????, ??"? 2020.
???????; ????????. ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ???????: ???? ??????, ???"? 2022.

???? ?? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? "????? ????" (Epistulae Morales), ^[3] ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? , ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????. ???, ????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????, ??? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 19 ??????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ^[4]

????? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? : "??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ????". ^[5] ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ^[6]

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?-60 ?? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[7]

??????? ????? "De Superstitione", ^[8] ??? ???? ???? ??????? "?????? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????... ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???. ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ...???????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???". ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? - ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?"??? ???", ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? "??? ???" ?? ? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ^[9]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? . ????, ???? ?????? . ???????, ???? ?????? , ???"? (1973). 224 ??'. (???? ?????? ULI)
????, ?????? ?? ???????? , ?????: ????? ?????? , ????? ????? , 2017 (???? ?????? ULI)
Menahem Stern , Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Jerusalem, 1976, Vol. I, LXVII. Seneca the Philosopher, pp. 429-434 (???? ?????? ULI)

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? , ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? (???????)

???? , ???? ??????? Goodreads
???? ???? ? ?????? ??-?????
????, ????? ???? (?????? ?' - ?' , ??? , 31 ???? 1935 ?- ?' - ?' , ??? , 30 ??????? 1935), ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
???? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? , ??????? ??-?????
?????? ???: ?? ???? ????? | ?????? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? , 3 ??????? 2010
???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? ???? ? ?????? ??????? (???????)
?????? ????? ???? (4 ????"??-65) , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Donald Reynolds Dudley, Seneca | Biography & Facts , Encyclopedia Britannica, ‏20 ????? 1998
^ ???? ?. ????, ????, ????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??', 1974, ??' 183-184
^ Seneca, Eplstulae Morales , CVIII, 22
^ Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 434: "It is commonly, and rightly, assumed that the events of 19 C. E. bearing upon the persecution of Jewish and Egyptian rites under Tiberius are meant here"
(???: ??????? , ???? ????? , ??? ???, ??, 4: "??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????").
^ ????, ????? ???? , ?? (???? 47); ????: ??? ??? , ????????? , ??? 4 ???, ???, ??' 136 (????? ??????: ???? ?????? ).
^ Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 430
^ Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 429
^ ?????????? , ??? ??????? , ??? 6, ??? 11
^ ??? ??? , ????????? , ??? 4: ???, ??' 128; ??? 6: ????, ????, ??' 169-167 (????? ???????: ??? ???).

[1] Donald Reynolds Dudley, Seneca | Biography & Facts , Encyclopedia Britannica, ‏20 ????? 1998

[2] ???? ?. ????, ????, ????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??', 1974, ??' 183-184

[3] Seneca, Eplstulae Morales , CVIII, 22

[4] Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 434: "It is commonly, and rightly, assumed that the events of 19 C. E. bearing upon the persecution of Jewish and Egyptian rites under Tiberius are meant here"
(???: ??????? , ???? ????? , ??? ???, ??, 4: "??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????").

[5] ????, ????? ???? , ?? (???? 47); ????: ??? ??? , ????????? , ??? 4 ???, ???, ??' 136 (????? ??????: ???? ?????? ).

[6] Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 430

[7] Menahem Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism , Vol. I, p. 429

[8] ?????????? , ??? ??????? , ??? 6, ??? 11

[9] ??? ??? , ????????? , ??? 4: ???, ??' 128; ??? 6: ????, ????, ??' 169-167 (????? ???????: ??? ???).

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