?????????

????????? (? ?????? : σεισμ?? (???????) - ?????; γρ?φω (?????) - ?????) ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? 132 ?????? ? ??? . ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ( ??' ) . ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? , ??? ?-17 ????? 1889, ??????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????? (????) ^[1]. ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? , ????? 1849 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????, ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ^[2].

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ????, ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????????.

????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? , ????? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ^[3].

?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????: ??? P ?? Primary waves ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? "???? ????" (" ??????? " - epicenter). ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ; ??? S ?? Secondary waves ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? . ????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ^[4].

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Rebeur-Paschwitz, 1989. Earthquake on April 17, 1889 in Japan. Nature, July, 25th, pp. 294-295. In: Schweitzer, J. German National, Report. Part A. Early German Contributions to Modern Seismology , pp. 35-36
^ Petruzzello, M, Robert Mallet - Irish Civil Engineer , BRITANNICA
^ Bruce A. Bolt, 1988. Earthquakes - a Primer. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, p. 95
^ Bruce A. Bolt, 1988. Earthquakes - a Primer. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, pp. 100-105

[1] Rebeur-Paschwitz, 1989. Earthquake on April 17, 1889 in Japan. Nature, July, 25th, pp. 294-295. In: Schweitzer, J. German National, Report. Part A. Early German Contributions to Modern Seismology , pp. 35-36

[2] Petruzzello, M, Robert Mallet - Irish Civil Engineer , BRITANNICA

[3] Bruce A. Bolt, 1988. Earthquakes - a Primer. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, p. 95

[4] Bruce A. Bolt, 1988. Earthquakes - a Primer. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, pp. 100-105

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