????? ???'???? ???
???? ????? ??????

????	19 ???? 1913 ?????, ?????? ????? , ????' ?????? ????' ??????
?????	1 ????? 1996 (???? 83) ?????? , ??????? , ???? ????
?????	????' ?????? , ???? , ????????? ?? ????
?????	?????????? ?????
?????	??????? ?????? ????? , ?'???
??	?????????
?? ???	???? ????????
???? ???? ??6 25 ????? 1977 ? 25 ????? 1982 (5 ????) → ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ←
???? ??? ? ??? ???? 17 ???? 1967 ? 19 ???? 1969 (??????)
26 ???? 1977 ? 13 ????? 1977 (110 ????)
??? ????? ?? ????? ???? 1 ??????? 1956 ? 11 ?????? 1960 (3 ????)
12 ???? 1962 ? 20 ??????? 1964 (??????)

???????? ??????'????? ????? (? ????? : ???? ????? ?????? , ? ????? : ???? ??????????? ;‏ 19 ???? 1913 ? 1 ????? 1996 ) ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? 1977 ? 1982 . ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? .

????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???"? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? . ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ???? . ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????, ??? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? 1996.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?-19 ???? 1913 ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? (???? ? ????? ???? ), ????' ?????? . ???????? ??????'????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? (???? ?'??? ). ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? (??? ???? ?????? ????????? ) ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

?????? ?? ?????? ????'?? ???? ???????? ????? 1929 ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??-????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? .

????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? 1937 , ???? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ????? 1940 ? 1945 ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 1946 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? 1949 , ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? 1949 ?? ????? 1951 ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[1] ??????? ?????? ?? ????? .

???? 1951 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ??'?? ???? ???? ?????, ???? 1952 . ?? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ??? ???? 1952, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? , ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? 1956 , ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? , ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

???? ?????, ????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????, ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? 1962 , ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? . ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???- ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ^[2] .

????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.

???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????. ???? 1959 ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????).

???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 1962 . ??????? 1964 , ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?-9 ????? 1964 ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? , ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??'?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????, ??????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? 1967 .

???? ??? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-17 ???? 1967 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ?????????? . ???? ?????? ???"?, ????? ????? ??????? ?? 34 ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ???"? ? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????-??? ???? ??? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????.

????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? (??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ). ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???.

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?-18 ?????? 1968 , ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??"??????" ????? ?????. ?-19 ????? 1969 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? . ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????'? ???? . ?-26 ???? 1977 ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? .

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-25 ????? 1977 . ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?'??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? 1977. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????'? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????. ????? ???? 1979 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??-???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?'???? ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????. ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? 1979 ^[3] .

???????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????????, ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ^[4] . ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ???. ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? , ??? ???? , ???? , ???? , ????? , ???? ??????? , ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? , ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ? ?????? .

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ??? ???????. ????? ???'???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? 1996 ???? 83.

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