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Nehemia Anton Nobel

??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? . ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? .
????	8 ??????? 1871 ???'???? , ???????
?????	24 ?????? 1922 (???? 50) ???????? , ???????? ??????
???? ?????	??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????
?????	?????? , ???????
????? ???????	? ? 24 ?????? 1922
?????	?????????? ??? ?????????

????? ??? ????? ??????? ( Nehemia Anton Nobel ;‏ ?"? ?????? ?'???"? , 6 ??????? 1871 , ??????? , ??????? ? 24 ?????? 1922 , ???????? , ?????? ) ??? ?? ???-?????????? , ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? , ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? , ???? ???????. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?" ?????? ??????? " ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ????????? . ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? .

????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ???? "???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????" ^[1] .

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ???? ???? ? ?"? ?????? ?'???"? ( 1871 ) ^[2] ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????' ?????????, ?? ?????? ?? 11 ?????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? (1839?1917) ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ???? 1880 ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????????? , ?? ??? ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????, ???? ????? "? ????? " ???????. ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? . ???? 1895 ???? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????-?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? . ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ????? 1896?1900 ???? ??? ????? "????? ????" ???? ??? ^[3] . ???? 1897 ???? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ? ?????????? ??? , ?? ??? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ????????? .

???? 1898 ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? 1905 ????? ???, ???. ???? 1900 ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???-??????? ?????? ???? ??? , ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? "?? ?????? ??????? ??????". ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? 1918 , ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????????.

??? ??, ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????: ???? 1899 ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? " ?????? ", ??-1903 ??? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.

??????? ??? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? 1896 ? 1899 ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? "???? ????? ????", ?????? ???????????? ? ??? , ????? ??? ??? ????. ???? 1900 ????? ??? ??? ?"????? ??? ?????" ? ???????? , ??? ???? 1901 ? ??????? ???? ???? 1906 ? ?????? , ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? 1910 ? 1922 ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? "?????? ??????" ? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? . ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? .

?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ???? 1904 ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? " ????? " ????? ???? ????? ??? ???.

???? 1919 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?"????? ????????", ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? "????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????" ???? 1912 .

??? ???????? ????????, ???? ????? ?????? , ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ^[4] .

?????, ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ????' ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??. ^[5]

????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? , ???? ?????????? , ???? ????? , ???? ???? , ??????? ??????? , ????? ???????? (?????? ?????) ? ????? ????? ????? . ??????? ???? 1920 ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? Freies Judisches Lehrhaus ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ??-??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??.

??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 51 ???? 1922, ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???.

????? ?? ?? ??? ???, ????? 1905. ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ( 1878 - 1962 ) ????? ???? ???????? (???? ???? ? ????? ) ???? ?? ? ????? , ??? ??? ? ??? ????? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? , ????? ???? ????, 1897
• ???? ???? - ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ???????? ?????, ???"?
• ????? ?????? - 1912
• ????? ??? ????? - ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? (?????) ?????, ???? ????. ????? ???? ??????, 1915.
• ???? ????? - ???? ??? ??? , 1969, ???????

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ?????? ???????? , ??? ?"? ????? ??? ???? , ???????: ?????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ('?????? ??????? ???????? ?????'), ??"?.
• ??? ??????? - ??? ????? ????? ???? - ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ?????????, 2005 (Rachel Heuberger, Rabbiner Nehemias Anton Nobel. Die judische Renaissance in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt 2005) (???????)
• ???? ???-???? - ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ????? "??? ???? ?????? ????", ?????????? ??-????, 2003. (???? ?????? ULI)
• Nehemia Zvi Nobel as a Zionist Thinker and Activist, Hundert Years of Religious Zionism, Bar-Ilan University Press, ed. A. Sagi and D. Schwartz, Ramat-Gan 2003,

Vol. 1, pp. 323-338 (Hebrew).

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? (?????? ???? ????)
• ???? ??????? - ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?-20 ????????? (?????? ???? ????) , 23-24 ???? 1990, ???? ?? ???? "??????? ?????" ????? ?? ???? ???? (???????)
• ????? ???? - ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? 12-14 ??? 1988, ???? "???? ???? - ???? ???????" ? ??????
• ?. ??????? , ??????? ?????: ??? ?"? ?. ?. ???? , ????? , 28 ??????? 1947
• ????? ??? ???? (1871-1922) , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

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