????????
(??? ????? ?
??????
:
USS Nautilus (SSN-571)
) ????? ?
????? ????????
??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???
??? ??????
. ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? (????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????,
????? ???????
) ?? ?? ?
?????
????????
??????? ???????? ????? ??
?'?? ???
,
20,000 ??? ???? ????
[1]
, ????? ?-21 ?
?????
1954
?????
??? ????????
???????,
???????
. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? (?????? ??????
????
-
????
?????? ?
????
??? ?????) ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????????. ????
1958
???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??
????? ??????
??????? ??? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? 320 ??? (? 97.5 ?????) ??????? ???? ?-55 ?????? ??????.
????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??
????
(??)
????? ??????
. ????? ????
1951
????
??????? ?? ????? ?????
????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????
????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
???? ???? "????????". ?????? ????? ?? ???
?'??? ????????
??????? ???????, ???????, ??? ????????? ?? ?'?? ??????? (John Burnham). ?
??? ???????
???? ????? ????? ?????? (S2W) ???? ?? ???
??????????
. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????, ???????
???? ?????
?
?????? ????????
???? ????? ???? ?
?????
[2]
. ?-
21 ??????
1954
????? ?????? ???? ?'???? (???????) ????
????? ?????
,
???? ??????????
????? ?????
??????
?? ??????. ?-
17 ??????
1955
???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????.
?-
10 ????
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 2,223 ?????????? (1,200
??? ???
) ?
?? ????
,
?????? ????
????? ?-90 ????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????.
??? ?????
1955
?-
1957
????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
????? ????? ??????
???? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????.
???? "???????" - ???? ???? ????? ????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ?
??????
?
???????
"
??????? 1
" ?-
4 ????????
1957 ????? ??
?????? ????
??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??
???? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????
????? ???????? ???-???????
. ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??
??? ??????
????
??? ???
?????? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??.
?-
25 ??????
1958 ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?
?? ?????
, ????? ????? "???????", ??? ?????? ??
?????? ?. ???????
. ?????? ???? ?
?????
??-
9 ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ?
?? ?'???'?
?-19 ?????. ????, ???? ??? ????? ?? 18 ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?
?????? ???
???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?
??? ??????
.
?-
23 ?????
??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?
??? ?????
??-
3 ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ?
?? ?????
85° ????? ?
????
????? ??? ????? ?
???? ?????? ??????
????? ?
?????
?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
????? ????? ??????????
?????? ????
????? ??????
. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????
??????
?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ?????. ???? 95 ???? ?-2,940 ??????? (1,590 ??? ???) ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???
???????
.
????? ?????? ?????? ???
???????
??
??????
????? ????? ???? ????? ?-
14 ???????
??
???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????
, ???? ????
?????
????? ????? ????????,
?'?? ??? ?????
. ???? ??????, ???????, ??? ????
????? ?????????
.
?-
11 ???????
, ???? ???? ???? ??"????????" ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????
????? (SSN-578)
?? ??? ???? ?????? ??.
???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???
???? ?????? ?????
?-
1962
??
?? ??????
?????? ????? ?
?? ?????
. ?-
3 ????
1980
????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????.
?-
20 ????
1982
?????? ?????? ?
??? ??????? ?????
(
National Historic Landmark
)
[3]
. ?-
11 ??????
1986
, ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ???? ?
??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???
. ?-
2002
???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????.
- Anderson, William R.; Blair, Clay (May 1989) [1959].
Nautilus 90 North
. McGraw-Hill. ISBN
0830-64005-3
- Anderson, William R.; Don Keith,
The Ice Diaries
, Thomas Nelson Publishers, July 2008. ISBN
0785227598 -
????
???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????