?

????? (??????: ????????; ???????: Switch ) ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? (???? ??????) ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? (???? ????? ). ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? (Forward), ?? ???????? (port) ???????, ?????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????, ???? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? , ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? InfiniBand , ATM ?-Fiber Channel ( ??' ) .

????? "???" ???? ???? ^[1] ????? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?-OSI , ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 2, (??????? ???? ??????? ?-L2, ???? ???? L ?????? ??????? Layer, ?????? ????).

??? ???? 2 ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??-?? ?????? MAC ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 2 ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? , ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? (collision domain) ????, ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? (Broadcast domain) ???.

?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? "???" ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?-IP ???? ??? ???? 3, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?-OSI . ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ???? 4 ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? , ????? ? ????? ???? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????.

???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? "????" ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?-MAC ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? FDB (????? ?? Filtering Database ).

???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??MAC ???? ?????? ??????: ?? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? FDB, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? "????"(Flooding). ??? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?-MAC ??? ????? ??.

??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ( microsegmentation ). ???? ?? ?????? ???? (???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???) ?? ????? ???????? (collision domain) ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??-????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????.

???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????:

• Cut Through (????? ???) ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? , ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.
• Store and forward (???? ????) ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? (caching) ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????.
• error free cut-through (????? ??? ??? ??????) ? ??? ??????????? cut through ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? Store and forward ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? Cut Through. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? (VLAN), ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???.

???? FDB [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? FDB, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? MAC (????? ?? media access control), ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? MAC ?? ???? ?????? (FID Filtering Identifier) ?? ????, ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ?????? MAC [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?- LAN ???? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? MAC ????? ????? ????? (???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????). ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? . ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? (Ageing time) ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ???ː

1. ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.
2. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? - ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?????.

????? ???, ???? MAC ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? (hub). ?????, ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ?-MAC ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???, ???? ????? ????? ????? "??????" ???? ??????? ????? . ????? ?????? ?? ???? MAC ???? ????? ?- MAC flooding , ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?-MAC ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?-MAC ??????? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ?????? ??????? ??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]