????? ???? ???????

????? ???? ??????? ??????????? (? ?????? : International Stoke Mandeville Games ), ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (World Wheelchair and Amputee Games) ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? .

???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? (???? ??????? ), ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????.

?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?- 1948 , ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? . ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? . ?- 1952 ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?- 1960 ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ???? , ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???; ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????.

????? ???? ??????? ?-17 , ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ?-1968 ? ?? ???? .

?? 1995 ????? ??????? ??? ???, ???? 4 ??????????? ????. ?-1995 ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????. ?-2009 ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. ?????, ?-2005 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? 23.