???? ?????? ???????

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? 2015 , ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? , ?? ?????? , ?????? ??????? ? ????? , ????? ??????? ?????? , ?? ?? ? ???????? , ???????? ? ???? ???? . ^[1]^[2] ????? "???? ?????" ??? ??? ?????? 2015, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? , ???? ????? ????? ?? 1,200 ???. ^[3]

????? ????? ???? ?? ???????, ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ^[4] ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ??????????. ^[5] ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?? ???????? ??????? , ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[6]^[7]

?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????, Eurostat, ????? ??? 2014 ??? 626,000 ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? 1992 . ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ?? 7 ?????? ???? 2015 ????? ????? ?-300,000 ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? 2015, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? 71 ??????, ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????.

????? ?????? ????? 2016-2015 (?? 2017 ^[8]) ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ^[7]^[9]^[10]

?????? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ???"? ??????? , ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?-65.6 ?????? ??? ???? ??? 2016 ; ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ?? 40% ??? 2011 . ???? ???? 65.6 ??????, 22.5 ?????? ?? ?????? (17.2 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???"? ?-5.3 ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????"? ). 2.8 ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. 17.2 ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???"? ?????? ?????? ?? 2.9 ?????? ??? ??? 2014 , ????? ????? ????? ??? 1992 . ??????, ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? (3.9 ??????), ??????? ??????? ??????? (2.6 ??????), ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????: ?????? , ????? , ???? ????? , ????????? ????????? ?? ????? , ????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? . ?????? ??????? ????? 86% ???????? ???? 2014. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? , ?????? ? ???? , ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? 2011 ?? 2017. ?????? 2017 ??? ???"? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?-37 ?????? ????????? ^[11].

????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (???: ???? ?????? ), ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ^[12] ??"? (???') ?"? ???? ?????? ????: ^[13]

????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? (?????) ??? ????. ... ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????.

???? ???? 2017, 55% ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? , ????? ? ???????? . ???? ?????? 2018, ??? ????? ???? ???, ????? 15,481 ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? 500 ??????. ???? 2015 ??? ??? ???? 1.02 ?????? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ^[14].

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??-??? . ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? , ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( ????? ????? , ???? ? ??????? ), ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? , ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ^[15]^[16]. ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? 2012 ????? ?????? ???"? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 2013 ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? 2018 ?????? 5.8 ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ^[17]. ??? ???????, ???? 2.5 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? , ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?? 40 ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ? ??????? , ???? ?? 2001 , ?????? ????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? 6 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ??-??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? 2.5 ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???? ?????

?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????/ ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? "????? ?????". ?? ?? ????? ?- OECD , ???? ????? ????? ???? 2019, ???? ????? ????? ??? 70% ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ????, ??? ?-OECD ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????.

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 2016 , ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? , ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? 200 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ^[18].

??????? 2017 ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? 2,000 ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 88.3 ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ^[19].

??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, Frontex , ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???"? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ^[20]^[21]

??????? 2015 ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[22] ??? ??, ???? ?? ?- 17 ??????? ?? 19 ??????? , ???? 3 ????, ????? ????? ?-15,000 ?????? ??????? ? ??????? .

??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????; ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? - ??????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????-???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?"????", ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? "????". ??? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? 2016 ???? ????? ????? ? ???????? , ?????? ?? "??????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?'???' ??'???' ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? '????'" ^[23].

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????

???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????: "?? ??????" , ???? ????? ‏, 5 ??????? 2015
???? ?????: ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? , ???? ynet , 5 ??????? 2015
?????? , ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? , ???? ynet , 5 ??????? 2015
AP , ????? ???? "?????". ???????? ?? ??????? , ???? ynet , 6 ??????? 2015
?????? ??????: ?? ?????? 160 ??? ?????? , ???? ynet , 7 ??????? 2015
??? ???, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? , ???? News1 ????? ?????? , 8 ??????? 2015
??????: ???? ???? ?-500 ??? ?????? ???? , ???? ynet , 8 ??????? 2015
?????? ???, ????? ???????? , ‏8 ???? , 16 ??????? 2015
??? ???? , ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? , ???? ???? , 30 ???? 2017
[1]
???? ??????? ??????? , ???? ????? ‏, 8 ??????? 2015
???? ???? , [????? ????????] ??????? ?????? ????????? (?? ??? ???)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Migrant crisis in Europe , Express, September 10, 2015
^ UNHCR viewpoint: 'Refugee' or 'migrant' - Which is right? , UNHCR, 27 August 2015
^ Europe migrant crisis , BBC
^ ????? ?'?????, ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? , ?????? , ?????? 1, ??????? 2016
^ 10 truths about Europe’s migrant crisis , 10 August 2015
^ European citizens, not refugees, behind most terrorist attacks in Europe | DIIS , www.diis.dk (???????)
^ ¹ ² ???? ????????, ? 2015 ???????: ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? , 31 ?????? 2015
^ ???? ????? ???? ?????, https://www.inss.org.il ? sitesPDF ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, INSS , 2018
^ ???? ???????: ?????? ?????? ?"?? ?? ??????" , ???? ynet , 28 ????? 2018
^ ???? ?????? ?? ??????: ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? , ???? ynet , 21 ??????? 2021
^ UNHCR Population Statistics ? Data ? Overview , ???? ?????? ???"? ???????
^ Refugees ???? ?????? ???????? (???????)
^ ??????: ???? ???? , ??"? (???') ?"? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? (??? ??) ????? ?????? 492 ??' 22
^ Situation Mediterranean Situation. , Operational Portal,
^ C.I.A. Arms for Syrian Rebels Supplied Black Market, Officials Say , ???? ???? ????? , Mark Mazzeti, Ali Younes, 26 ????? 2016
^ Plans to send heavier weapons to CIA-backed rebels in Syria stall amid White House skepticism , ? ????????? ???? , Greg Miller, Adam Entous, 23 ???????? 2016
^ ???????? , ???? ?????? ???"? ???????
^ In Europa la fabbrica della cittadinanza: cosi funziona il business dei passaporti comprati , ?? ?????, ROBERTO SCARCELLA
^ Isis paying smugglers’ fees in recruitment drive among child refugees , ????????, Mark Townsend, 5 ??????? 2017
^ MIGRATORY ROUTES MAP
^ Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response - Mediterranean , UNHCR
^ ??? ???? ????: ????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? , ???? ynet , 2 ??????? 2015
^ ???? ???, ???????? ?????? , ?????? 4, ??? 2017

[1] Migrant crisis in Europe , Express, September 10, 2015

[2] UNHCR viewpoint: 'Refugee' or 'migrant' - Which is right? , UNHCR, 27 August 2015

[3] Europe migrant crisis , BBC

[4] ????? ?'?????, ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? , ?????? , ?????? 1, ??????? 2016

[5] 10 truths about Europe’s migrant crisis , 10 August 2015

[6] European citizens, not refugees, behind most terrorist attacks in Europe | DIIS , www.diis.dk (???????)

[:0-7] ¹ ² ???? ????????, ? 2015 ???????: ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? , 31 ?????? 2015

[8] ???? ????? ???? ?????, https://www.inss.org.il ? sitesPDF ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, INSS , 2018

[9] ???? ???????: ?????? ?????? ?"?? ?? ??????" , ???? ynet , 28 ????? 2018

[10] ???? ?????? ?? ??????: ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? , ???? ynet , 21 ??????? 2021

[11] UNHCR Population Statistics ? Data ? Overview , ???? ?????? ???"? ???????

[12] Refugees ???? ?????? ???????? (???????)

[13] ??????: ???? ???? , ??"? (???') ?"? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? (??? ??) ????? ?????? 492 ??' 22

[14] Situation Mediterranean Situation. , Operational Portal,

[15] C.I.A. Arms for Syrian Rebels Supplied Black Market, Officials Say , ???? ???? ????? , Mark Mazzeti, Ali Younes, 26 ????? 2016

[16] Plans to send heavier weapons to CIA-backed rebels in Syria stall amid White House skepticism , ? ????????? ???? , Greg Miller, Adam Entous, 23 ???????? 2016

[17] ???????? , ???? ?????? ???"? ???????

[18] In Europa la fabbrica della cittadinanza: cosi funziona il business dei passaporti comprati , ?? ?????, ROBERTO SCARCELLA

[19] Isis paying smugglers’ fees in recruitment drive among child refugees , ????????, Mark Townsend, 5 ??????? 2017

[20] MIGRATORY ROUTES MAP

[21] Refugees/Migrants Emergency Response - Mediterranean , UNHCR

[22] ??? ???? ????: ????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? , ???? ynet , 2 ??????? 2015

[23] ???? ???, ???????? ?????? , ?????? 4, ??? 2017

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