????? ????

????? ???? (????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ) ??? ????? (???? ??????) ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? (????) ?? ? ???? . ?????? ???????? ?? ?-100 ????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? , ????? , ????? , ?????? ????? (??? " @ " ???? " $ ") ????? ????? (??? ??? ?-Ctrl , ??? ? ??? Fn ).

????? ????? ????? ???????-?????? ???????

?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????

???? ?????????

???? ?? ??????

???? ?????

??? ??????

???? ???????

???? ?????? ??????

???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????

????? ?????? ??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? . ??? ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? , "??? ???" (key code) ?? "??? ?????" (scan code) ??????? ?? ??. ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ??????? , ?????? ????? ?? ???? A , ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (????? ?? ??? 30 ?? 00011110) ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? (??? ????????????? ??????).

?????? ???? ??????? ??? ASCII (??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????), ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ASCII. ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? F1), ????? ?????? ?????? ?-ASCII. ??, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??????? A (?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? - a), ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? - ????? ?? 30. ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? Shift, Alt ???'.

???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????. ????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????.

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???? , ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? (????, ??????? ????, ???? ????? ).

????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

QWERTY [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? QWERTY

??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? QWERTY , ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????, ????? ? ????? ????? ???? 1870 , ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? - ??? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? Num Lock ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? . ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????: ????? 1 ??? ???? ????, ?- 9 ????? ????? (???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ).

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ??????

???? 1928 ???? ?"? ?????? ?????? (August Dvorak) ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?-QWERTY ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?-20 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????.

? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??-QWERTY ????? ???????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ^[1]. ????, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??-QWERTY ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???.

???? 1982 ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ANSI ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? Windows ??? ????? 98.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? "????? ??????" ^[2]. ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? , ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? (???? ??? ????? ), ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (???? ???? ??? ) ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.

?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? "????? ??????" ?"?????? ?????". ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??? , ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (?????? ?????) ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? "?????? ?????????" ^[3]. ???? ????? "????? ?????????" ?????? ???? ?"?????????" ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????.

??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? (Repetitive Strain Injuries) ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome).

??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ^[4]. ???????:

Forearm Pronation [1] , Wrist Extension The AgrAbility Project - Training and courses for farmers - , Agrability project (??????? ????????) & Ulnar Deviation The AgrAbility Project - Training and courses for farmers - , Agrability project (??????? ????????)

?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? David Rempel, The split keyboard: an ergonomics success story , Human Factors 50, 2008-06, ??' 385?392 doi : 10.1518/001872008X312215 . ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (??????? ?????????? ?? ???????) ???????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ^[5]. ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ^[6]. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ^[7]. ??? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???.

?????? ??????? ????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????

????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? , ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? (???? ???????? , ?????? ????? ????? ???? , ????? ??????). ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? . ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???-?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??-????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ???????, ????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ^[8].

????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? "?????????" (IntelliKeys) ???????? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????.

?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????.

??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? " ????? ?????? " ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???????? "????? ??????" ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? @ ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? 2 ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 2 ?? ???? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????, ????, ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ( ????? ??????? ) ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.

????? ??????? ?? ?'???? (Chubon) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1988 ????? ?'???? ????? ???? ^[9] ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?'???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????.

????? ??????? ?? ?'???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?'???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???.

?????? ????? ?? ?'???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ^[10] ???? 2001 .

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ??????

????? ?????? (???????: Membrane keyboard ) ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? (?? ????? ????) ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????.

????? ????????? (IntelliKeys) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ^[11] ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??, ??????/??????, ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???. ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????.

????? ???? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ^[12]. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? , ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.

???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? . ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??.

?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???, ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ??????? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? ??? ????? ^[13] ???? ????? ????? ???? (???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????). ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???????? ?? 5 ?????? ??? 2 ????? 5 ???? ??? (31). ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?-31 ?????? (961).

????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ^[14]. ????? ???????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? . ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? . ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????) ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? (???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????).

????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ???? ???? ????? ???) ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? . ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????.

?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? , ??????? ???? ??? , ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? , ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? .
???? ?'???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??-??????: ???? ????? ??? ( 1995 ) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ), ????? ??? ???? ( 1997 ) ?? ??? ???-??? ???????? (???? ?? ??? ?'???? ????? ).

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? , ???? ???? ???
???? ????, ? ????? ??????? ??????: ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? , ???? " ????? "
???? ???? , ??? ?? ????: ????? , ???? ynet , 29 ?????? 2012
????? ????????? ?? ????
?????? ???? ??????? (??? "PCDigital")
??? ??????: ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????: There is a better typewriter keyboard.‏ National Business Education Quarterly 12:p51?8 & p 66, 1943
^ Brodwin, M.G. Cardoso, E. & Star, T.: Computer Assistive-technology for People Who Have Disabilities: Computer Adaptations and Modifications. Journal of Rehabilitation July-Sept, 2004
* Turpin, G., Armstrong, J., Frost, P., Fine, B., Ward, C. D., and Pinnington, L. L.: Evaluation of alternative computer input devices used by people with disabilities. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 29(3):119-29, 2005
^ Work. 2010 Jan 1;37(3):275-83. Effectiveness of an ergonomic keyboard for typists with work related upper extremity disorders: a follow-up study. Ripat J, Giesbrecht E, Quanbury A, Kelso S.
^ Baker, N.A., Cidboy, E.L.: The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis. The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60(1) 40-9, 2006 Nancy A. Baker, Erin L. Cidboy, The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis , The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60, 2006-01, ??' 40?49 doi : 10.5014/ajot.60.1.40
^ Baker, N.A., Cidboy, E.L.: The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis. The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60(1) 40-9, 2006
^ Muscle tension dysphonia in patients who use computerized speech recognition systems. Olson DE, Cruz RM, Izdebski K, Baldwin T. Ear Nose Throat J. 2004 Mar;83(3):195-8
^ ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
^ Lesher, G.W., Moulton, B.J., and Higginbotham, D.J.: Optimal character arrangements for ambiguous keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering 6(4):415?423, 1998.
^ Chubon, R.A. and Hester, M.R.: An enhanced standard computer keyboard system for single-finger and typing-stick typing. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 25(4):17?24, 1988.
^ Anson, D., George, S., Galup, R., Shea, B., & Vetter, R. (2001). Efficiency of the Chubon versus the QWERTY keyboard. Assistive-Technology, 13(1), 40-45.
^ Khalsa, A.: IntelliKeys. The smart keyboard. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest (Applied Physics Laboratory) 13(4):466?470, 1992
^ Bhattacharya S, Basu A, & Samanta D.: Computational modeling of user errors for the design of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 16(4):400-9. 2008
Betke, M., Gips, J. & Fleming, P.: The Camera Mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 10(1) 1-10, 2002
^ Eilam, Z. (1989) Human engineering the one-handed keyboard. Applied ergonomics. Vol 20 Issue 3 p 225
^ August, S. and Weiss, P.L.: A human factors approach to adapted access device prescription and customization. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 29(4) 64-77, 1992

[1] ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????: There is a better typewriter keyboard.‏ National Business Education Quarterly 12:p51?8 & p 66, 1943

[2] Brodwin, M.G. Cardoso, E. & Star, T.: Computer Assistive-technology for People Who Have Disabilities: Computer Adaptations and Modifications. Journal of Rehabilitation July-Sept, 2004
* Turpin, G., Armstrong, J., Frost, P., Fine, B., Ward, C. D., and Pinnington, L. L.: Evaluation of alternative computer input devices used by people with disabilities. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 29(3):119-29, 2005

[3] Work. 2010 Jan 1;37(3):275-83. Effectiveness of an ergonomic keyboard for typists with work related upper extremity disorders: a follow-up study. Ripat J, Giesbrecht E, Quanbury A, Kelso S.

[4] Baker, N.A., Cidboy, E.L.: The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis. The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60(1) 40-9, 2006 Nancy A. Baker, Erin L. Cidboy, The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis , The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60, 2006-01, ??' 40?49 doi : 10.5014/ajot.60.1.40

[5] Baker, N.A., Cidboy, E.L.: The effect of three alternative keyboard designs on forearm pronation, wrist extension, and ulnar deviation: a meta-analysis. The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 60(1) 40-9, 2006

[6] Muscle tension dysphonia in patients who use computerized speech recognition systems. Olson DE, Cruz RM, Izdebski K, Baldwin T. Ear Nose Throat J. 2004 Mar;83(3):195-8

[7] ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.

[8] Lesher, G.W., Moulton, B.J., and Higginbotham, D.J.: Optimal character arrangements for ambiguous keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering 6(4):415?423, 1998.

[9] Chubon, R.A. and Hester, M.R.: An enhanced standard computer keyboard system for single-finger and typing-stick typing. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 25(4):17?24, 1988.

[10] Anson, D., George, S., Galup, R., Shea, B., & Vetter, R. (2001). Efficiency of the Chubon versus the QWERTY keyboard. Assistive-Technology, 13(1), 40-45.

[11] Khalsa, A.: IntelliKeys. The smart keyboard. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest (Applied Physics Laboratory) 13(4):466?470, 1992

[12] Bhattacharya S, Basu A, & Samanta D.: Computational modeling of user errors for the design of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 16(4):400-9. 2008
Betke, M., Gips, J. & Fleming, P.: The Camera Mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 10(1) 1-10, 2002

[13] Eilam, Z. (1989) Human engineering the one-handed keyboard. Applied ergonomics. Vol 20 Issue 3 p 225

[14] August, S. and Weiss, P.L.: A human factors approach to adapted access device prescription and customization. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 29(4) 64-77, 1992

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]