????? ????? ????? ??????

????? ????? ????? ?????? (? ?????? : Unix-like ?????? ?????? UN*X ?? nix* ) ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ??? ?? ????? ??-?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? AT&T ?????? ??? ??? 1984 ???? AT&T ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[^{???? ????
]}.

????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???-???? , ??? ????? ??-?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? , ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???.

?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? UNIX ?? ???? (????? ?? ??? AT&T )

?????? ????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??80 ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????:

????? BSD [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

BSD ?? ???? ?????? ?? Berkeley Software Distribution: ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? . ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ?? DARPA ???? ???? ??BSD ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? TCP/IP . ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? BSD/Net. ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? BSD/Net ^[1]. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (?????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??:

????? OS X (?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????: Mac OS ) ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? BSD ^[^{???? ????
]}.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1991 ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? . ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????: ????? ?????? . ?? ????? ????, ??????:

?????? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

BSD - ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? AT&T, ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? BSD/Net. ?? ??? ??????, ??????? (???? FreeBSD ?? OpenBSD ) ????????? (???? Mac OS X ) ??????? ?? BSD.
?????? - ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????-????.
??? - ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? (HURD), ??????? ?????.
?????? - ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? (????) .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ???? ???? ??????? , Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable , ???? ???? Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution

??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? . ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

[1] ???? ???? ??????? , Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable , ???? ???? Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution

[1]