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MESSENGER
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MESSENGER ‏ ( ME rcury S urface, S pace EN vironment, GE ochemistry and R anging) ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???"? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? 3 ??????? 2004 . ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ???"?. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????. ?? 4 ?????? 2011 ?????'? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??100,000 ??????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? 17 ???? 2012 ?????'? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2013 . ?? 30 ?????? 2015 ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???. ^[1]

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??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? 10 ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? , ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???.

?????? ??? ??MESSENGER ???:

??? ?????? (Mercury Dual Imaging System ? MDIS) ??? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? (?????? ?????). ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? .
????????? ???? ??? ? ????????? (Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer ? GRNS)
????????? ???? ????? (X-Ray Spectrometer ? XRS) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??GRNS.
???????? (Magnetometer - MAG) ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????.
?? ???? ??? ??? (Mercury Laser Altimeter ? MLA) ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???.
????????? ??? ???? ?????????? (Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer ? MASCS) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???GRNS ???XRS ?? ??? ??????? ?????.
????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? (Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer ? EPPS) ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? .
??? ??? (SUNSHADE) ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????, ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???400 ????? ??????.

????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????'? ????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? 3 ??????? 2004 ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 2 ?????? ????????? . ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? (????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????) ?? ???? ??? ??? ??3 ?????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????'? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???, ????????? ????? ???? ????.

??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? 14 ?????? 2008 . ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ????.

??? ??? ??? ?? 6 ???????? 2008, ???? ??, ???? ??????? ????? 200 ?"? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??1,200 ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???.

??? ????? ???? ? ?????? 2009 . ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 10 . ?? 18 ???? 2011 ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??-4 ?????? 2011 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?-100,000 ??????? ?? ??? ????.

????? ?????? 2010, ????'? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? . ?????? ????? ?? ???? , ???? ???? , ??? , ????? , ???? ??? ?????? , ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? .