???? ????

???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3] ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??????. ^[4]

???? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ba-?a-sa DUMU ru-?u-bi KUR.a-ma-na-a-a ? ???????, "?????? ?? ??????? (?????, ? ??? ?????) ??????", ^[5]^[3] ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? . ^[6] ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? . ^[5]

?????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? (???? ??????? ) ?????? ???? ????; ^[7]^[3] ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? (???? ????/?????? ????: ??????), ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? . ^[8]

???? ?? ???? ? ???? bu-du- DINGIR ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????; ^[9] ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? (????? ??, ????? ?????? ), ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ^[10] ??? ?????? ??????? ?"????" ^[11]^[12] ?? "????". ^[9]^[10]^[13]^[14]^[15]

????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? "?????? ????". ?????? ??????? ??????? 675 ????"?. ^[16]

????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[17]

????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? "?????", ?? ?????. ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 600 ????"?, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ^[18]^[19]^[20] ????? ??, ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ??, ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????/????. ^[21]

????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???. ^[18]^[19]

????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??? , ????/????? ?????? ???. ^[22] ????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????.

????? ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????; ^[2] ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?"??????", ^[2] ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? "??? ?? [?] ??? ? [???] ? " (????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ??????), ^[23] ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? "?????" ??? ? ??????? "????". ^[18]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????
?????? ??????? ???????:
- ????? ??????
- ????????? ??????
?????? ??????? ??????? ??????:
???? ????? ??????
???? ????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?. ?. ???? , ?????? ?? ????? (????) ????? , ????? ?"?, 1944, ??' 2
^ ¹ ² ³ Robert Deutsch, "A Royal Ammonite Seal Impression" , in: Yitzhak Avishr , Robert Deutsch (eds.), Michael: Historical, Epigarphical and Biblical Studies , Archaeological Center Publications, 1999, pp. 124
^ ¹ ² ³ Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 14 doi : 10.2307/1356305
^ ??? ????? ?' , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?
^ ¹ ² A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-754 BC) , University of Toronto press, 1996, ??' 23
^ ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 363
^ Hayim Tadmor , Shigeo Yamada, The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III (744?727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726?722 BC), Kings of Assyria , Eisenbrauns, 2011, ??' 122?123
^ ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 359
^ ¹ ² A. Kirk Grayson, Jamie Novotny, The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 1 , Eisenbrauns, 2012, ??' 64 (???? ???? ?? ???' 114, 131, 175 ??192) ??? A. Kirk Grayson, Jamie Novotny, The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 2 , Eisenbrauns, 2014, ??' 183, 188, 238
^ ¹ ² Erle Leichty, The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC) , Eisenbrauns, 2011, ??' 23?24 (???? ???? ?? ???' 46)
^ Koot Van Wyk, Squatters in Moab , L. Hester Publications, 1993, ??' 175
^ W. Randall Garr, Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E. , Eisenbrauns, 2004, ??' 32
^ Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 14 doi : 10.2307/1356305
^ Henry O. Thompson, Fawzi Zayadine, The Tell Siran Inscription , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 10?11 doi : 10.2307/1356304
^ James B. Pritchard,, Ancient Near Eastern Texts (ANET) , Princeton University Press, 1969 ???? ??? ??? ?"????" (??' 287) ???? ??? ?"????" (??' 291)
^ Robert Deutsch, "A Royal Ammonite Seal Impression" , in: Yitzhak Avishr , Robert Deutsch (eds.), Michael: Historical, Epigarphical and Biblical Studies , Archaeological Center Publications, 1999, pp. 121?125
^ Jamie Novotny, Joshua Jeffers, The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668?631 BC), A??ur-etel-il?ni (630?627 BC), and Sin-?arra-i?kun (626?612 BC), Kings of Assyria, Part 1 , Eisenbrauns, 2018, ??' 116?117 (???? ???? ???' 141?142). ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? (?? ?? ??? ???' 107).
^ ¹ ² ³ ????? ??????, ? ??? ?????? ??????? , ????? 4, 1977, ??' 189
^ ¹ ² Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 15 doi : 10.2307/1356305
^ Walter E. Aufrecht, Review Article: The Ammonite Language of the Iron Age , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1987, ??' 87 doi : 10.2307/1356933
^ Henry O. Thompson, Fawzi Zayadine, The Tell Siran Inscription , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 11 doi : 10.2307/1356304
^ ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 356
^ Robert Deutsch, Seal of Ba‘alis Surfaces , Biblical Archaeology Review 25 (2) , 1999, ??' 46?49

[1] ?. ?. ???? , ?????? ?? ????? (????) ????? , ????? ?"?, 1944, ??' 2

[:5-2] ¹ ² ³ Robert Deutsch, "A Royal Ammonite Seal Impression" , in: Yitzhak Avishr , Robert Deutsch (eds.), Michael: Historical, Epigarphical and Biblical Studies , Archaeological Center Publications, 1999, pp. 124

[:6-3] ¹ ² ³ Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 14 doi : 10.2307/1356305

[4] ??? ????? ?' , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?

[:3-5] ¹ ² A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-754 BC) , University of Toronto press, 1996, ??' 23

[:04-6] ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 363

[:0-7] Hayim Tadmor , Shigeo Yamada, The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III (744?727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726?722 BC), Kings of Assyria , Eisenbrauns, 2011, ??' 122?123

[8] ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 359

[:1-9] ¹ ² A. Kirk Grayson, Jamie Novotny, The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 1 , Eisenbrauns, 2012, ??' 64 (???? ???? ?? ???' 114, 131, 175 ??192) ??? A. Kirk Grayson, Jamie Novotny, The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 2 , Eisenbrauns, 2014, ??' 183, 188, 238

[:2-10] ¹ ² Erle Leichty, The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC) , Eisenbrauns, 2011, ??' 23?24 (???? ???? ?? ???' 46)

[11] Koot Van Wyk, Squatters in Moab , L. Hester Publications, 1993, ??' 175

[12] W. Randall Garr, Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E. , Eisenbrauns, 2004, ??' 32

[13] Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 14 doi : 10.2307/1356305

[14] Henry O. Thompson, Fawzi Zayadine, The Tell Siran Inscription , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 10?11 doi : 10.2307/1356304

[15] James B. Pritchard,, Ancient Near Eastern Texts (ANET) , Princeton University Press, 1969 ???? ??? ??? ?"????" (??' 287) ???? ??? ?"????" (??' 291)

[16] Robert Deutsch, "A Royal Ammonite Seal Impression" , in: Yitzhak Avishr , Robert Deutsch (eds.), Michael: Historical, Epigarphical and Biblical Studies , Archaeological Center Publications, 1999, pp. 121?125

[17] Jamie Novotny, Joshua Jeffers, The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668?631 BC), A??ur-etel-il?ni (630?627 BC), and Sin-?arra-i?kun (626?612 BC), Kings of Assyria, Part 1 , Eisenbrauns, 2018, ??' 116?117 (???? ???? ???' 141?142). ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? (?? ?? ??? ???' 107).

[:7-18] ¹ ² ³ ????? ??????, ? ??? ?????? ??????? , ????? 4, 1977, ??' 189

[:8-19] ¹ ² Frank Moore Cross, Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell S?r?n , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 15 doi : 10.2307/1356305

[20] Walter E. Aufrecht, Review Article: The Ammonite Language of the Iron Age , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1987, ??' 87 doi : 10.2307/1356933

[21] Henry O. Thompson, Fawzi Zayadine, The Tell Siran Inscription , Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 1973, ??' 11 doi : 10.2307/1356304

[:132-22] ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? , ???? ??????, 2012, ??' 356

[23] Robert Deutsch, Seal of Ba‘alis Surfaces , Biblical Archaeology Review 25 (2) , 1999, ??' 46?49

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