????? ????? ????????????

????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? , 1847 ( ??? ??? , 1851)
???????	25 ?????? 1846 ? 3 ??????? 1848 (???)
????	????-???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
?????	?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ????????? , ???? , ???? , ??????? , ?????? ? ??????? , ??????? , ? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?'???? ????   ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???   ?????? ????? ?????? , ??????? ???? , ?'?? ?????? , ????? ????? , ????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? , ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? 60,000 ??? 40,000 ??? ????? 13,283 ??? 25,000~ ??? (?????)

????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? 1846 ? 1848 . ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? " ????? ?????? ", ?? ?????? - " ???????? ????????? ", " ?????? ????????? ??????? " ?? " ????? ???????? ??????? ". ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (??? ??????? ?? ????) ?? ????????? , ???? , ???? , ??????? , ?????? ? ???????? , ??????? , ? ??? ?????? .

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????????? ???????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????????? ???? 1803 , ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? "????? ?????????", ????? ????? ???? ???? , ???? ?- 1821 ????? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? .

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? " ?????? ????? ", ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? , ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????. ??????? ?.?. ?'????? ??? ????? ????: "??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????... ????? ???, ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????."

?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????, ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? , ???? ? ???????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?- 1827 ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?'???? ???? , ???? ??????? ????? "?????? ?????", ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?- 1845 , ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? 25 ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????-????? ???? ??????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????.

?- 1835 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? , ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? , ????? ?- 1836 ?? ???? ????? , ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ????, ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ???? 1845 ?????? ?????, ??- 4 ????? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? . ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (? ?????? : Nueces) ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??????? ? ???? , ???? ?'???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????.

?????? ???? ?- 24 ?????? 1846 , ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? (??? ???? ?????????? ??????) ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? , ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? "?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????". ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?- 13 ???? 1846 ???? ?? 174 ????? ??? ????? 14 ????? ???. ????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?????. ??????, ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ?- 23 ???? .

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.

????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?'?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????, ???? ??? ???? ? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????.

????? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? , ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? , ???? ?? ??????? , ??? ???'?? ? ?? ????? ???????????.

?????? ?????????? ??????, ??- 13 ?????? 1847 ???? ???? ??????? (Cahuenga), ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????? 1846 ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ?- 22 ??????? 1847 ? ??? ????? ????? .

????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 1847 ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? , ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? , ??? ????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?'?????? , ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? 1847.

??? ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?'????????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????: " ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ", ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????.

??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ), ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?'????????, ??????, ????? ???? ?????????, ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? "D" (???? - Deserter) ????? ?????.

?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 2 ??????? 1848 ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.

?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? , ???? , ???? , ??????? , ??????? ? ??????? , ??????? , ? ??? ?????? . ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? , ?????? ?? ???? ?? 18,250,000 ?????? (???? ??? ??-630 ?????? ???? ?? ????) - ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.

????? ?????? ??? ?-13,000 ?????? ????????, ?? ?? ?-195 ??? ????? ?????? ???? (?-1.5% ????). ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????, ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? (?? ??????? ???"? ?? ?-20,000 ????, ????? ??????? ???????). ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??-25,000 ?????.

????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???? ????? ? ???????? . ???? ?????? ??? ????? 1877 ? 1911 , ????? ???????? ???? , ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????: " ?????? ??????! ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ".

?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ? ???????? ???? (?- 1846 ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? , ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????). ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ???????? 1848 ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

????? ?????: ????? ??????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? (???? ??????) ???? ????? (?????? ??), ????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ?- 1820 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ????? '30 36° (???? ?????? ?????? ????), ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????.

????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??, ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????.

?- 1848 ????? ????????? ?? ????? "??????? ???", ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ?- 1854 ? ??? ???? ?????? , ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

?-1848 ?? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????, ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ???? (?? ?- 1850 ), ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????. ??????, ????? ????? ?????? , ?? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? , ??? ?????? ?? ???? 1850 , ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? 1850 ????? ????, ????? ????????, ?????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.

?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? : "??????, ?????? ??????? [?? ????] ??? ... ??? ????? ????????, ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????".

????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? - ????? ??????? ( 1861 ? 1865 ). ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? , ????? ?? ??? ?'????? ??????? , ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? , ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? .

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ?????? ??? , ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????: ?-1492 ??? ????? (???? ???????: ??? ????? ; ????: ??? ??-??? ? ???? ???? ), ?? ????: ??? , ???"?-2007. (???? ?????? ULI)
• ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? , ????? ?????? , 1981, ??' 152?157.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ? ??????????

• ????? ????? ?????-?????? , ??? LoneStar
• ?????? ?????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ????????
• ????? ????? ???????????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
• ????? ??????, 1846-1848 , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????