????? "????" ???? ????. ???? ????? ???? ??"? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??, ???
??? ?????
.
??????
JCB 3CX
. ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????
??????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????
??????
, ????? ??
????? ??-???
(?
??????
:
Backhoe Loader
), ?????? ?????? ?????? "????" (???????:
Shovel
; ???????:
Schaufel
) ?? "??????", ??? ???
??"?
(???? ???? ?????) ?????
??? ????
(??) ?
???? ?????
???? ????????, ???????? ??
??????
?????? ???. ????? ???? ??"? ????? ????
???????
?
??????
, ????????? ????? ????. ????????? ??, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ???"? ??????? ????? ?????
?????
, ??????
?????
???????? ???????? ????? ??
??????
??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ??"? ????? ???? ??????? ?
?????? ???-??????
?
?????? ??"? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ??
??????
?????
??????
, ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?-40
??"?
??????? ??????.
??????? ????? ?
???????
????
1953
?? ???
?'??? ????? ??????
, ????? ????
JCB
. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??
??????
????? ???? ?????
??? ????
????? ?
????
????? ????????.
?????? ??
???????
????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
????? ???
???
?? ????
.
??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????:
- ??????
- ????? ????? ?? ?? ????, ????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
- ??? ????
-
??
????? ?????? ?
?????? ???
????? ??????
???
,
???
???? ?
??????
. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????.
- ???? ?????
- ???? ???-?????? ??????? ???? ?????; ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????
?????
????? ?????? ?????
???
,
????
?
????
.
??????? ??? ??? ???? ???"? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
??????
, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?????, ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????
PTO
(???? ????? ???). ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? - ????? ????? ??? 2.5
???
?????? ??? ?-4?5 ????? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??
???? ?????
. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.
?????? ?? "????" ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????
??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?
????
, ??????? ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ?????
????? ?????
, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
???
,
???
?
???
. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????
??????
: ?????? ???? ???????
???
(????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???), ????? ??, ?????
???
????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????
?????????
?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ???? ??
????
?????? ??? ?????? ???? (????? ??????
???
????). ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????
????
??????? ??????? (????: ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????), ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.
????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??
????? ?????????
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
???
?
????
????-???? (
??? ????
). ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??
???????
?
???????
??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?
????
.
????? ??????
???? ???, ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????. ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ("?????? ???????") ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? - ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?-180 ?????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? "
?'??????
", ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ???? ????????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????:
- ????
- ?????? ????? ????????
- ???? ???????
- ?????? ????? ??????
- ???
- ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????/?????.
- ???? ????
- ?????? ?????.
???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
???? ????? (?"??") ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?
??? ?????
???????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ???
?????? ??????????
: ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? (?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????) ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (??? ??? ???? ?????), ???? ???? (??? ??? ???? ???? ????) ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (??? ??? ???? ???? ???). ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????, ?????
???
,
???
?
????? ???
, ??? ?????? ??
??????
. ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????.
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????:
- ?????
- ????? ?"??????" ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????.
- ?????
??????? -
?????
??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.
- ????
- ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????.
- ?? ?????
???? ????? ???? ???????.
???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? (???) ????
416D
???????? (????) ????
446D
??
???????
:
????
|
??? 416D
(?????? ???)
|
??? 446D
(?????? ????)
|
????
???
|
74
????? ???
= 55 ???????
|
110 ????? ??? = 72 ???????
|
????
???? ??????
|
6900
?"?
= 15257 ?????? = ?-7 ???
|
8938
?"?
= 19666 ?????? = ?-9 ???
|
???? ????? ?????
|
4.4
???
= 14.5 ???
|
5.1 ??? = 16.8 ???
|
???
????? ?????
|
5300 ?"? ???
|
7600 ?"? ???
|
??????
??? ????
|
0.96 ??? ?????
|
1.15 ??? ?????
|
???? ??? ????
|
2262 ?"? = 2.2 ???
|
2434 ?"? = 2.5 ???
|
???? ???? ???????
|
2.5 ??? = 8.33 ???
|
2.7 ??? = 8.92 ???
|
????? ???? ????????
|
2400 ?"? = 5292 ??????
|
4351 ?"? = 9527 ??????
|
??????
????????
|
32 ??"? = ?-20 ???? ????
|
31 ??"? = ?-19 ???? ????
|
?????? ????
3CX
??
JCB
.
?????? ??
???????
.
?????, ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????:
?????
, ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ?????, ?????
?????
, ????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?
????
, ????? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?
????? ??????
?????? ?
??? ??????
. ?????, ?????? ????
??"?
????? ???? ????
???????
?
??????
, ??????? ?
???-????????
???????, ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ??
??????
?????
??????
, ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?-30 ??"? ??????? ??????.