????? ??????? ??????

????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? , ?????? ? ????? , ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? " ???? " ??????? , ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? 1944 ??? 1947.

????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????: ??????? (Tricase), ???? ?'???? (Santa Cesarea), ???? ???? ?? ????? (Santa Maria Di Leuca) ? ???? ???? ?? ???? (Santa Maria El Bagno). ????? ?????? ????????, ???? "??????".

??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ? ???? ??????? (???? ????? ?????????). ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?-200,000 ??????. ?-50,000 ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ? ??????? ?? ?????? . ^[1]^[2]

????? 1948 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? . ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 1950 , ??? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?? 1957 . ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? , ???? ? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ^[2]

????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????

????? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ????? 1946?1947. ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???.

????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ???????, ??? ????? 1945 ?-1951 ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 50,000 ?-70,000 ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?-35 ????? ??????. ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?-77 ?????? ??????? ? ??????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????? (Kokkonen), ?-45 ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? . ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ^[3]^[4]^[5]

??????? 1944 ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (??"?, ????? ?????? ?????) ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? (Tarvisio) ????????, ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? (??? ? ????, 1945), ?????? ?-15,000 ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ^[6]

??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????:

????? ?????? ?? ?????"? , ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? , ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????. ^[7]

????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, "????" ????? ???????, ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????. ?????, ?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??-???? ?? ???? ???? ????? . ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??'? , ??? ??? ???????? , ???? ???? ????? .

??'? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????,

?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????:

??????? (Tricase)
???? ?'???? (Santa Cesarea)
???? ???? ?? ????? (Santa Maria Di Leuca)
???? ???? ?? ???? (Santa Maria El Bagno)

????? ?????? ????????, ???? "??????".

??? ???? ?? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? 18 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????.

???? ?'???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ?? 3,000 ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? . ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????.

???? ???? ?? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?? ???? (????? ???? ???? ?? ????) ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? Portoselvaggio, ?????? ?-400 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? .

???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????, ??????, ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ????????? ???????.

???? ???? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? "?????" (Leuca) ?? ???? ???????, ???????? "???". ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???, ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??, ??? ???? ????? ?? 47 ?????, ????? ?? 102 ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?? ?'???? . Punta Meliso, ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ???? ???? 1864 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? -6 ??????? 1866. ????? ???????, ?????? ???????? "??? ????" (De Finibus Terrae), ?????? ??? ????? 1720?1755, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? , ??? ??? ????? ??????.

????, ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?-19, ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????. ????? ???? ????-???? ??? ?-43 ?????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????.

???? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ??????
???? ????????
???? ?????
???? ????????
???? ????????
???? ?????????
???? ??????
???? ???????

??????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????, ????? ???, ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????.

????? ???"? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????.

?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? (spirito) ????? ????, ??????? (tricase), ?????? "??????", ???? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?'???? (santa cesarea), ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????-?????, ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???"? ???????, ?????? (Mestre) ?????? ??????? ????????.

????? ??????

????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ?? ???????. ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ^[8]

??????? ???????

????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?-1944, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? 1945 ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???, ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? 1945 ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ? ????? .

?????"? (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration)

?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? 1945. ?????"? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?-23 ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??'????, ???? (ORT), ????? ????? ?????? (HIAS). ?????"? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????, ???1947 ???? ????? ??????? ????????? (IRO). ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?-643 ??? ?????? ? -1948. ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????"?.

????? ??'???? ( Joint ?? JDC )

??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??. ??? ???? ??? 1944 ????? ???? ??'???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??? 1947 ??? ?-700,000 ?????? ?????? ???'????. 250,000 ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??'????. ??'???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????. ??'???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? 1946, ??? 1500 ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? (?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????).

????? ???? ???? ?? ???? (???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????) ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?-541 ?????? ?????? ??????? 1945. ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?-2,400.

????? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ??? 1000 ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? 1946.

?? ???? ?'???? ??? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? ?? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? 1944 ??? 1947. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ????: ??????? ????????, ?????? ????"?. ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ???? ????????.

???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????. ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?"?????" (????); ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????; ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???, ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????.

?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??, ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????, ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? "?????".

??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????.

?-2015 ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? , ??????? ?? ????' ??? ???? , ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? , ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? , 13 ?????? 2018

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ???? ?????, ????, ????? ???? ????? , ????? ????? ?"? ?"? ????? , ??????????? ?????? ????????, 2005, ??' 1-2
^ ¹ ² ????? ????? ?????? ???????, 1945-1956 ? ??????????? ???????? , ???? www.yadvashem.org
^ ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? www.yadvashem.org
^ "I campi Displaced Persons per profughi ebrei stranieri in Italia (1945-1950) - Storia e Futuro" . Storia e Futuro (????????). 2013-10-09 . ???? ?- 2017-05-19 .
^ Susanna Kokkonen, The jewish refugees in postwar italy,1945-1951. The way to eretz Israel. , LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011, ??' 19-20
^ ?? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? ?? ???, ‏2018
^ Susanna Kokkonen, the jewish refugees in postwar italy, 1945-1951
^ ????? ????? ??????, ????? "??????" , ???? ????? ????? ??????, ‏2018

[1] ???? ?????, ????, ????? ???? ????? , ????? ????? ?"? ?"? ????? , ??????????? ?????? ????????, 2005, ??' 1-2

[הערה_מספר_20170607043618:0-2] ¹ ² ????? ????? ?????? ???????, 1945-1956 ? ??????????? ???????? , ???? www.yadvashem.org

[3] ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? www.yadvashem.org

[הערה_מספר_20170607043618:1-4] "I campi Displaced Persons per profughi ebrei stranieri in Italia (1945-1950) - Storia e Futuro" . Storia e Futuro (????????). 2013-10-09 . ???? ?- 2017-05-19 .

[5] Susanna Kokkonen, The jewish refugees in postwar italy,1945-1951. The way to eretz Israel. , LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011, ??' 19-20

[6] ?? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? ?? ???, ‏2018

[7] Susanna Kokkonen, the jewish refugees in postwar italy, 1945-1951

[8] ????? ????? ??????, ????? "??????" , ???? ????? ????? ??????, ‏2018

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[8]