??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? (?????????) .

???? (?? ???? ) ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????: ??????? , ????????????? , ????? ???? , ???????? , ?????? ????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? . ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???: ${\displaystyle x(t)=A\sin(2\pi ft+\phi )\,}$

???? ${\displaystyle A\,}$ ??? ????? ???????, ${\displaystyle t\,}$ ??? ? ??? , ?- ${\displaystyle f\,}$ ?????? ??????? (?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????: ${\displaystyle T=1/f}$). ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? , ${\displaystyle 2\pi ft+\phi \,}$, ?????? ${\displaystyle 2\pi }$, ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ? ??????? . ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ${\displaystyle 2\pi }$, ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ${\displaystyle 2\pi }$ ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.

${\displaystyle \phi }$ ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? t=0, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ${\displaystyle \!x(t=0)}$. ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????, ????, ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????.

????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ${\displaystyle x(t)=A\sin(2\pi ft)\,}$:

${\displaystyle x(t-{\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{4}}\end{matrix}}T)=A\sin(2\pi f(t-{\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{4}}\end{matrix}}T))=A\sin(2\pi ft-{\begin{matrix}{\frac {\pi }{2}}\end{matrix}})\,}$

????? ???? ?????? ?? ${\displaystyle -{\frac {\pi }{2}}=-{\frac {2\pi }{4}}}$ ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? .

??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????-???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? 180 ?????. ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????:

${\displaystyle A\sin(2\pi ft+\phi _{1})+A\sin(2\pi ft+\phi _{2})=2A\cos({\frac {\phi _{2}-\phi _{1}}{2}})\sin(2\pi ft+{\frac {\phi _{1}+\phi _{2}}{2}})}$

???? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? A. ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????-????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???.

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????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????.

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