???? ??? ????????????

???? ??? ???????????? (? ?????? : Mayor?council government ) ??? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? , ???????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ^[1] ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? (Wards). ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???????????? . ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????? .

???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?-5,000 ??? ^[2] ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?-34% ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??, ??? ??? ???? , ????? , ?????? ? ???????? . ^[3]

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?"????" ?? "????". ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????.

??? ?????? ???-????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ?????? ???-????? (Strong-mayor form), ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????. ^[4] ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ^[4]

???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???-?????; ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????. ????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? (??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???-?????). ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????. ^[2]

?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???-????? ??: ^[2] ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????; ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????; ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????/????? ????????. ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???-?????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ^[5]

????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???-????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????; ??????, ?? ?????? , ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? , ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? , ???? ??? ???? ???? 2011. ^[5]

??? ?????? ???-????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ?????? ???-????? (Weak-mayor form) ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????; ^[1] ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???, ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????, ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ^[2] ???? ??, ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??.

???????? ????? ?? ???? ??: ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????; ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??????; ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ^[2]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ???????????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² "Mayor and Council System" , britannica.com
^ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ‏ "Models of City Government" , Center for Government Research
^ "Forms of Municipal Government" , National League of Cities .
^ ¹ ² ‏ "City Mayor-Council Government Law & Legal Definition" , USLegal.com
^ ¹ ² Michael Roberts, "Strong Mayor Form of Government" , about.com

[בריטניקה-1] ¹ ² "Mayor and Council System" , britannica.com

[CGR-2] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ‏ "Models of City Government" , Center for Government Research

[3] "Forms of Municipal Government" , National League of Cities .

[USLegal_1-4] ¹ ² ‏ "City Mayor-Council Government Law & Legal Definition" , USLegal.com

[רוברטס-5] ¹ ² Michael Roberts, "Strong Mayor Form of Government" , about.com

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[5]