????? ????

? ??? ?????? , ????? ???? (?? ????????? , ? ?????? : Protectorate) ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????, ??? ???? ? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ^[1] ????? ????? ?????, ? ???? ??????, ????? ? ???? ????-????? , ?? "?????" ? ????? , ??????? ?? ? ??????? , ?? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ^[2]

??? ???? ???? ??? ???? . ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??-???? ??????, ??? ? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ; ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????. ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? . ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 1922 .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???-??????? , ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? . Civitates foederatae ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ? ??? ??????? , ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?-13. ^[2]^[3] ???? ??? ????, ????? , ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[3]

???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?-19. ?'???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????: ???? ???, ????? ???? ????? ??????????. ^[4]

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????-??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ^[5]^[1] ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???

?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???. ^[3]

???? ??????????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ????????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??. ???? ?????? , ??? ????? 1900 ?-1914 ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????: ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ( ??' ) . ??????? ???-??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ^[3] ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????. ^[6]

??????? ??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1829 ??? ?????? ????'? ? ????? ??????? , ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????'????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???? 1868 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ?????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? 1938 ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? 1939 . ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????.

????? ???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ????. ???, ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ? ???? ?? , ???? 1912 , ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? . ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ???? 1956 , ???? ???? ??, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
?????? ???? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² W. Reisman, Reflections on State Responsibility for Violations of Explicit Protectorate, Mandate, and Trusteeship Obligations , Michigan Journal of International Law 10, 1989-01-01, ??' 231?240
^ ¹ ² Stephen D. Krasner, Abiding Sovereignty , International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 22, 2001, ??' 229?251
^ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Niels van Willigen, Peacebuilding and Recognition of States: Failures of the International Territorial Administrations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo , Peter Lang, 2013, ??' 16-17
^ JAMES CRAWFORD, International Law Conditions for the Creation of States , Oxford University Press, 2007-03-15, ??' 286-288, ISBN 978-0-19-922842-3
^ Jong-pil Yoon, Establishing expansion as a legal right: an analysis of French colonial discourse surrounding protectorate treaties , History of European Ideas 46, 2020-08-17, ??' 811?826 doi : 10.1080/01916599.2020.1722725
^ Ralph Wilde, International territorial administration: how trusteeship and the civilizing mission never went away , Oxford: Oxford university press, 2008, ??' 299-300, ISBN 978-0-19-927432-1

[:2-1] ¹ ² W. Reisman, Reflections on State Responsibility for Violations of Explicit Protectorate, Mandate, and Trusteeship Obligations , Michigan Journal of International Law 10, 1989-01-01, ??' 231?240

[:1-2] ¹ ² Stephen D. Krasner, Abiding Sovereignty , International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 22, 2001, ??' 229?251

[:0-3] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Niels van Willigen, Peacebuilding and Recognition of States: Failures of the International Territorial Administrations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo , Peter Lang, 2013, ??' 16-17

[4] JAMES CRAWFORD, International Law Conditions for the Creation of States , Oxford University Press, 2007-03-15, ??' 286-288, ISBN 978-0-19-922842-3

[5] Jong-pil Yoon, Establishing expansion as a legal right: an analysis of French colonial discourse surrounding protectorate treaties , History of European Ideas 46, 2020-08-17, ??' 811?826 doi : 10.1080/01916599.2020.1722725

[6] Ralph Wilde, International territorial administration: how trusteeship and the civilizing mission never went away , Oxford: Oxford university press, 2008, ??' 299-300, ISBN 978-0-19-927432-1

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