????????????

???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
????????????
Lili'uokalani
???? 2 ??????? 1838
???????? , ????? , ????? ?????
????? 11 ??????? 1917 (???? 79)
???????? , ????? , ?????
?? ??? Lili‘u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamaka‘eha; ???? ????? ??????: Lydia Kamaka‘eha
?? ???? Lydia Lili?u Loloku Walania Kamaka?eha עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ????? ?????
???? ????? ????? ???
????? ??? ???? ??????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? Hawaiian National Party עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?? ??? ?'?? ???? ???????
????? ??? ????????
???? ???? ????? ?????
?? ???'????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?? ?????? ??????????
?? ?????: ???? ?????
?????? ????? ?????? (???????):
? ????? ???????????????????? ?????
? ?'??? ???????????
? ?'?? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ?????? ????????
(?? ???? ??? ????? ??????)
???? ????? ?????
29 ?????? 1891 ? 17 ?????? 1893
(??????)
????? ??????
????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

???????????? , ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (? ?????? : ; Liliuokalani ;  Lili‘u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamaka‘eha ; Lydia ‏ 2 ??????? 1838 - 11 ??????? 1917 ) ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ?- 29 ?????? 1891 ??? ????? ?- 17 ?????? 1893 .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ????????

??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?-2 ??????? 1838 ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????, ? ???????? ?????, ??? ????? . ?? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ???????, ?????? ?????? (?????? ????)  ?????? ?????  ???? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ????????????? ?? ??????: ?????? ( lili'u) (?????), ?????? ( loloku) (?????), ?????? ( walania) (?????), ??????? ( kamaka'eha) (?????? ??????). [1]

??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????

??? ????? ????? ??????? (??????) ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? - ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ?????? (????? ????? ???? (h?nai)), ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??, ????????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????. [2]

???? 1842, ???? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? "??? ???? ???????". ??? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. [3] ????? ????'???, ??? ?????? ??, ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??'????? ??????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?'???? ????????? ???? ????????, ??? 13 ???? ????? ?????????, ?? 1850, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???, ????? ?????????? ?????? ?. ??????. [4]

???????????? ?? ???? ?'?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????

????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?'???? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? . ?-16 ??????? 1862, ????? ????? ???????? ?'?? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????  ? ????? . [5] ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ???????, ???, ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????: ????? ???????????????????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?????; ?'??? ???????????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????; ??'?? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? 1866, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? , ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? "?? ??? ????? ?????" ( He Mele L?hui Hawai?i ) ????? ?????? ??? ??????. [6]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? 1874 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 1872 ??? ????, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 1864, ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ???, ??????? (????? ????? ?? ?????) ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. [7] ??????? ???? ???? 1874, ?? ??? ??? ????. ??????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????, ??????? ???????, ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? .

???????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ???? ? ???? ???? , ?????????, ?????? ????? ????-??? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ?? ???? 1877 ??? ??????, ????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????????, ???? ????, ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???, ?-10 ?????? 1877, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? - ?????, ??? ?? ????????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? (??????? - ????????? ???????). ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?-1881, ???????????? ????? ??????. [4] [8]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????

?????? 1887, ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??  ????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ????????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????, ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????. [4] ???? ????? ????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ???????, ?????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? . ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? , ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ?? "???? ??????" - ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????.

???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????????, ????? 1889 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. [8]

???? ?? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1890 ??????? ????, ??? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?'???' ?????. ???????, ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.

??????? 1890, ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????  ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? 1891, ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ?? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?-20 ?????? 1891. ???? ??????  ?'??????? , ?? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?-29 ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ????. [9]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????????????

????? ????, ?-29 ?????? 1891, ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??? ?????. [10] ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ????, ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???, ??-9 ????, ?????? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? (??? ?? ????? ???????) ?????? ????. [11] ?? ????, ?'?? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 1887. ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????.

????? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 1887, ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? - ??? ??'???? (1890) ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 1875. [12] ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ??????, ???????????? ????? ????? ?????  ????  ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ??????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? . [13] ??? ??????, ??? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????, ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [14]

???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? (???? 1893??) ????? ????? ???? ???? - ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ??????? ????? ????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? - ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? (???? ??? - ??????? ????-?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? "????? ?????").

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? 1887 ????? ?????? ?????. ??????????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? . ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? - ??? ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ???, ?????? ???. [15] ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? ?????? ??? ???? ?. ??????, ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. [16]

?-16 ??????, ????? (??? ????, ?? ?? ???????) ?? ??????, ?'???? ?. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? "????? ???????", ??? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????  ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? (?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????), ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?. ??????, ??? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ?-496 ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????.

????? ????? ?-17 ?????? 1893, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????.

???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????:

I, Lili?uokalani, by the Grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said forces, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.

???? ????????? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? 1893.

?? ???, ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?-1 ??????? 1893 ?????? ???????? ??????, ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??"? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????-?????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ?-16 ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????.

?? ??????? ??, ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????, ??-18 ?????? 1893, ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??"? ????? ?-26 ??????? 1894. ???"? ??? ?? ?? ???????? (???? ??? ??????) "?? ???" ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? - ??? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ????. [17]

?-4 ????? 1894, ?????? ????? ??  ????????? ?? ????? , ? ?????? ?. ??? , ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????. ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ???? , ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. [18]

????? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?-1895.

???????????? ????? ?-16 ?????? 1895, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. [19]  ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? . ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? $5000. ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??, ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? "????? ?????" (Ke Aloha o Ka Haku ? "??? ???????"), ??????? ????? ?? ?????????. [20]

????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?-24 ?????? 1895. ???????????? ?'???? ???? ????? ???? ?"?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????". ?-1898, ???? ????????????:

For myself, I would have chosen death rather than to have signed it; but it was represented to me that by my signing this paper all the persons who had been arrested, all my people now in trouble by reason of their love and loyalty towards me, would be immediately released. Think of my position, ? sick, a lone woman in prison, scarcely knowing who was my friend, or who listened to my words only to betray me, without legal advice or friendly counsel, and the stream of blood ready to flow unless it was stayed by my pen.

? Queen Liliuokalani, "Hawaii's Story By Hawaii's Queen"

????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?-4 ??????? 1895. ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???. ?-13 ???????? 1896, ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???"?, ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????'????.

???????????? ?? ?????? ??'?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?-1898.

???? ?????? ????'????, ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??. ??., ????????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????  ?-1897, ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???. [2]

?-1898, ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? , ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 21,000 ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? (????? ???????). [21]

???? ???????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? 1911, ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?? 2,500 ???? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?-24,000 ????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. [22]

???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? 1917

?????? 1917, ????? ???????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? SS Aztec ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???. ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. [23]

???? ???? ?? ??? 1917, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. [24] ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???, ???????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????????. [25] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????. ????? 11 ??????? 1917, ???????????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? "Aloha ?Oe", ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ?-1921. [2]

??? ???????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???????????? ????? ?-2 ?????? 1909, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. [26]  ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????????, ?????????: ??'?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????, ???'??? ??????????? ?? ???????????, ?????? ? ???????? . ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????. [27]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. [2]

????? ?????? ?"?????? ??????" ??? ?????, ?????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? , ?????????, ????????????, ??? ??????  ??????????  ?????. ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????. [17]  ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? 1896. [28]

???? 1906, ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ???????? , ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????. [29] ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????  ??????????  ?? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? (??? ?????? ?? ??????) ???? 1901, ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????. [30]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????????

???????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? "????? ?????????" ( Na Lani 'Eh? ) ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. [31] ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????, "Hawai?i's Story by Hawai?i's Queen" (?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????) ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ??????, ??????, ? ?????? , ???????.

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? " The Queen's Songbook " ?-1999 ?????? ??? ????????????.

??????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????, ???????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????. [32] ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?"????????" (Kumulipo - ???? ?????? ???????), ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????. [33] ??? ???? ????? ????? ???, "????? ????" ( Aloha ?Oe ), ??? ???????? ??????. ?????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ????, ?????, ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ?-1891 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????
  • ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?-1891.
  • ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????????, ?????? ???? 1891.
  • ???? ?????? 737 ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???. [34]
  • "???? ????? ????????????", ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? . [35]
  • "????? ???????? ?"? ????????????" ? ???????? . [36]
  • "Liliuokalani Park and Gardens" - ???? ???? ??? ?????, ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?-1917, ????? ?? ???. [37]
  • "Queen Liliuokalani Freeway" - ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ?????. [38]
  • "??? ??? ????? ?"? ????? ????? ????????????" ????????, ?????, ???? ???? 1912, ???? ???? 2011. [39]
  • "Queen Lili'uokalani Children's Center", ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [40]
  • ????? ??? ???? "Queen Lili'uokalani Outrigger Canoe Race" ? ???? , ?????. [41]
  • ?-1976 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????-?????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? (????? 6?12) ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ????. [42]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Mary M?maka Kaiao Kuleana kope. "Hawaiian Dictionaries" . University of Hawaii Press.
  2. ^ 1 2 3 4 The Betrayal of Liliuokalani: Last Queen of Hawaii, 1838?1917 , Helena G. Allen, A. H. Clark Company, 1982.
  3. ^ "Order in Council of his Hawaiian Majesty prescribing a Code of Etiquette June 29th 1844 ? CALENDER ? Princes and Chiefs eligible to be Rulers" , Library of Congress.
  4. ^ 1 2 3 Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani , Liliuokalani, Lee and Shepard, 1898.
  5. ^ "Notes of the Week" , The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. VII, September 18, 1862
  6. ^ Pauahi: The Kamehameha Legacy , George S. Kanahele, Kamehameha Schools Press, 2002.
  7. ^ "Death of the King" , Library of Congress
  8. ^ 1 2 The Hawaiian Kingdom 1854?1874, Twenty Critical Years , Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, University of Hawaii Press, 1953.
  9. ^ Taking Hawaii: How Thirteen Honolulu Businessmen Overthrew the Queen of Hawaii in 1893, With a Bluff , Stephen Dando-Collins, Open Road Media, 2014.
  10. ^ "By Authority" , Daily Bulletin, January 30, 1891.
  11. ^ "The Succession Princess Kaiulani Proclaimed Successor to the Hawaiian Throne" Daily Bulletin, March 9, 1891.
  12. ^ Pacific Diaspora: Island Peoples in the United States and Across the Pacific , Paul R. Spickard, Joanne L. Rondilla, Debbie Hippolite Wright, University of Hawaii Press, 2002.
  13. ^ Race Over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865?1900 , Eric Tyrone Lowery Love, Univ of North Carolina Press, 2004.
  14. ^ Foreign Relations of the United States , United States, Department of State, 1895.
  15. ^ "Annexation" , The Blount Report.
  16. ^ Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, 1880?1903, Andrade, Jr., Ernest (1996), University Press of Colorado.
  17. ^ 1 2 The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874?1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty , Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, University of Hawaii Press, 1967.
  18. ^ Gilded Age Cato: The Life of Walter Q. Gresham , Charles W. Calhoun, University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
  19. ^ "Queen Arrested" , The Daily bulletin, January 16, 1895.
  20. ^ Lost Kingdom: Hawaii's Last Queen, the Sugar Kings and America's First Imperial Adventure , Julia Flynn Siler, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2012.
  21. ^ Ho?ohui?aina Pala Ka Mai?a: Remembering Annexation One Hundred Years Ago, Ali Mehmed, The Hawaiian Journal of History, volume=32, 1998.
  22. ^ "The Outlook" , An American Queen, Editors:, Lyman Abbot & H. W. Mabie, Outlook Company, 1917.
  23. ^ The Rights of My People: Liliuokalani's Enduring Battle with the United States, 1893?1917 , Neil Thomas Proto, Algora Publishing, 2009.
  24. ^ "Queen Not to Hold Reception" , Honolulu Star-Bulletin., August 29, 1917.
  25. ^ "Liliuokalani Becomes a Red Cross Member as Whistles Signify 8000 Mark is Reached" , Honolulu Star-Bulletin., September 29, 1917.
  26. ^ "Queen Liliuokalani Deed of Trust" .
  27. ^ Lili?uokalani , Ruby Hasegawa Lowe, Kamehameha Schools Press, 1994.
  28. ^ "Join St. Andrew's ? Ex-queen Liliuokalani Confirmed by Bishop Willis" , The Hawaiian Gazette, May 19, 1896.
  29. ^ Unto the Islands of the Sea: A History of Latter-day Saints in the Pacific, R. Lanier Britsch, Deseret Book Co., 1986.
  30. ^ Aloha with Gassho: Buddhism in the Hawaiian Plantations , Tara Koda, Pacific World, Fall 2006.
  31. ^ "Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame" . HMHF. ????? ?- ????? ?-2012-04-15 . ???? ?- 2016-10-23 .
  32. ^ Ducat, Vivian. "Hawaii's Last Queen" . American Experience . PBS.
  33. ^ "Her History" . The Queen Liliuokalani Trust . The Queen Liliuokalani Trust. ????? ?- ????? ?-2011-10-05 . ???? ?- 2016-10-23 .
  34. ^ "Tag Archives: Queen Liliuokalani" , This Day in Aviation.
  35. ^ "Queen Liliuokalani Center for Studies Services" , University of Hawaii website. (?????? ???? ????, 21.2.2020)
  36. ^ "Lili`uokalani Botanical Garden" , City of Honolulu official website.
  37. ^ "Liliuokalani Park and Gardens" , Hawaiian Airlines Island Guide.
  38. ^ "Queen Liliuokalani Freeway" , Hawaii Highways website.
  39. ^ "Queen Liliuokalani Lays Stone of School Named in Her Honor" , Evening bulletin, April 13, 1912.
  40. ^ "The Children's Center" , Lili'uokalani Trust website. (?????? ???? ????, 21.2.2020)
  41. ^ "Queen Liliuokalani: Race blends canoe competition with culture" , West Hawaii Today. (?????? ???? ????, 21.2.2020)
  42. ^ "About Keiki Hula" , Keiki Hula festival website.
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