???
|
????
|
????
, ???? ????? ???????
 |
|---|
|
????? ??????
|
ascending pharyngeal artery
|
|---|
|
????? ?????
|
pharyngeal plexus
|
|---|
|
????? ?
|
???????? ?? ???? (?????? 20)
(
1141
)
|
|---|
|
?????
|
|---|
|
?????? (TA98)
|
pharynx
|
|---|
|
??????????? ????????
|
A05.3.01.001
|
|---|
|
TA2 (2019)
|
2855
|
|---|
|
FMA
|
46688
|
|---|
|
??? MeSH
|
A03.556.750
|
|---|
|
???? MeSH
|
D010614
|
|---|
|
????? ???? ??????? ???????
|
C0031354
|
|---|
  |
???? ??? ?????? ????
???? ??????
???? ?????? ???????? ????. ????? ?? ????, ???? ????
????
(???????:
Pharynx
) ???
????
????? ?
?????????
?
??????
, ????? ????? ???? ???
???
????. ?
??? ???
???? ????? ??? ?
????? ??????
?
????? ??????
. ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?
??? ???
?? ?
????
, ????? ??????, ?????, ????? ?????, ?????
????
?????? ????? ??
??????
????
?????
????? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????: ???? ???? (Nasopharynx), ???? ????? (Oropharynx) ????? ?????? (Laryngopharynx).
[1]
???? ????? ????? ?
???????
??????? ??? ?
??
[3]
???? ??? ??? ??? ?
?????? ?????????
????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? (C-6) ??????? ?? ?
????
.
???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??
?????
(mucosa) ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
???? ????
,
??? ??????
, ????? ????
?????? ???? ?????
(Auditory tube) ?? ??
????????
. ???? ????? ????? ????????, ???? ?
??? ????
, ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ??
???????? ????????
(Choanas),
???? ???
, ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???-
??? ??? ?????
(Oropharyngeal isthmus),
???? ?????
(Epiglottis), ????? ????.
???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????: ???? ?????- ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? (Myofascial layer) ??????? ????? ??-?????:
- ????? ???? ??????? (Pharyngobasilar fascia)- ??-????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? (???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??) ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????.
[2]
- ????? ????
- ????? ???? ?????? (Buccopharyngeal fascia)- ??-????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????- ???? ??? ???? (Pretracheal layer). ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ????, ??????- ????? ???? ??????? (Prevertebral layer) ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? (Retropharyngeal space).
[2]
??? ?? ????? ?
???? ?????
????? (Loose connective tissue) ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??
????
?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????.
????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????: ????? ???? (Constrictors) ?????? ????? (Longitudinal). ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
?????? ?????
????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????.
[2]
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????
????? ???? (Constrictor muscles)
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????: ???? ???? ?????? (Superior constrictor muscle), ???? ???? ?????? (Middle constrictor muscle), ???? ???? ?????? (Inferior constrictor muscle) ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???
??? ????
(Paryngeal raphe). ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ???????.
[2]
- ???? ???? ??????
(Superior constrictor muscle)- ???? ?? ????? ?
????? ?????
(Pterygoid hamulus) ???? ?? ???
??? ???? ???? ???????
(Pterygomandibular raphe) ???? ?
??? ???????
????? ?
??????? ????
(Pharyngeal tubercle) ?? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???
??? ????? ???????
???? ????, ????? ?? ????
?????? ???? ?????
(Auditory tube). ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
[2]
- ???? ???? ?????? (Middle constrictor muscle)- ???? ???? ????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??? ?????
(Greater horn of Hyoid bone) ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? (Lesser horn of Hyoid bone) ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? (Stylohyoid ligament) ???? ?? ????? ????, ???? ???? ????.
[2]
- ???? ???? ?????? (Inferior constrictor muscle)- ???? ?? ????? ?
???? ?????
(Thyroid cartilage),
???????? ?????
(Cricoid cartilage)
[4]
?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ?? ????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????.
[2]
??????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? (Cricopharyngeus muscle). ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ?-15 ?"? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????.
??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????.
| ????? ???:
|
????? ??????
|
????? ??????? ????
|
| ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????- ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? (Sinus of Morgagni)
|
????? ???? ??????? (Pharyngobasilar fascia)
|
?
???? ???? ????? ????
(Levato veli palatini muscle), ?
???? ???? ????? ????
(Tensor veli palatini),
???? ???? ?????
(Acsending palatine artery), ?????? ???? ????? (Auditory tube)
|
| ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
|
|
???? ?????????????'??? (Stylopharyngeus muscle)
|
| ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
|
????? ??????-????? (Thyrohyoid membrane)
|
???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (Supreior laryngeal Artery and Vein),
??? ???? ???? ??????
(Internal laryngeal nerve)
|
| ???? ???? ?????? ?????
|
|
??? ???? ???? ?????
(Recurrent laryngeal nerve), ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (Inferior laryngeal Artery and Vein)
|
????? ????? (Longitudinal muscles)
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
???? ????? ????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????: ???? ?????????????'??? (Stylopharyngeaus Muscle) ????? ???? ????????? (Styloid process), ???? ???? ??????? (Salpingopharyngeus muscle) ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? (Auditory tube salpinx), ???? ???? ???? (Palatopharyngeus muscle) ????? ?????? ???? (Palatine aponeurosis). ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
??? ??? ?????
(Oropharyngeal isthmus).
[2]
???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? (Nasopharynx), ???? ????? (Oropharynx), ???? ?????? (Laryngopharynx) ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? (Entrance to auditory tube).
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????: ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
[2]
????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????. ??????: ???? ?
?????
???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????.
???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ??????
?????? ??? ???????
(Middle Concha) ?
?????? ??? ???????
(Inferior Concha) ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? (Pharyngeal isthmus). ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? (Epiglottis) ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (C-6) ????? ?? ????? ????.
???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? (Sphenoid bone), ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? (Basal part of Occipital bone).
[2]
????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? (Nasopharyngeal tonsil) ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? (External carotid artery) ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? (Hypophyseal artery) ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????.
???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? (Torus tubarius). ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (Salpingopalatine fold) ???? ?????
???? ???? ????? ????
(Levator veli palatini muscle) ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (Salpingopharyngeal fold) ????, ????? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? (Salpingopharyngeus muscle) ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????.
[2]
???? ????? ?? ???? ????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? (Choanas).
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?
????
(Uvula) ????? ??? ????? (Oropharyngeal isthmus) ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? (Palatoglossal arch). ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?
?????
, ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? (Palatopharygeal arch). ??? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? (Palatopharyngeaus muscle). ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? (Palatine tonsils)
[5]
??????? ???? ?????? ?"?????". ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
???? ???????
?????? ?? ???? ????? (Lingual tonsil).
???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? (Epiglottis), ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
???????
, ??????
????? ??????
, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? (Pharyngeal plexus). ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????:
- ??? ????? ?????
(CN-IX) ???? ????? ??????.
- ???? ?????
(CN-X), ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????.
- ?
???????
??????? ?????? (Superior cervical ganglion) ???? ?????
???????
.
????? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????:
- ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?
??? ???? ???? ?????
(Recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- ???? ?????????????'??? (Stylopharyngeaus muscle) ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????.
- ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??
???? ??????
(Maxillary branch of Tigeminal nerve, CN-V).
- ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????.
????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (External Carotid artery) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????:
????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? (Uvula).
?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????
??? ????
??????
????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????
?????
????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????:
- ??? ??? (Nasopharyngeal tonsil).
- ???? ???? (Palatine tonsil).
- ??? ????? (Lingual tonsil).
- ???? ??????? (Tubal tonsils), ??????? ????? ??? ??????? (Torus tubarius).
??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ?????? (MALT- Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue).
[6]
- ^
?????? ?????????????
- ^
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell ; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005).
Gray's anatomy for students 2nd Edition
(Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 1400.
ISBN
978-0-443-06612-2
.
- ^
,
[2]
- ^
????? ??? ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? Cricoid cartilage.
- ^
Pharynx
- ^
Hellings , Jorissen M, Ceuppens JL.,
The Waldeyer's ring