????? ??????

????? ?????? (????? ? ?????? : Coming out of the closet ; ???????: Coming out ) ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? , ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ^[2] ?? ???? ^[3] ? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????; ????? ????; ?????? ??? ???? ; ???? ?????; ???? ? ????? ? ????????? ; ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ^[^{???? ????: ???? ???? ???????
]}

????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?????? "????? ??????" ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????: ??? ??"???? ?????" ????? ??????? , ??"????? ?? ??? ??????" ????? ??????? . ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ?? ?????? "??????????" ????? (???? ?????? ?? ??????) ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? "????? ??????" ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? (?????? "???? ??????"); ?????? "???????" (? ?????? : Outing) ?? "????? ??????" ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ???.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ? ?????? ???"? ?????? , ?????? ???"? ??????? , ?????? ???"? ??????? , ?????? ???"? ??????? , ?? ????, ?? ????

???? 1869 , ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? , ???? ??? ??????? ??????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? , ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? . ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? .

?????? ???? (Iwan Bloch), ???? ?????-????? ????, ??? ???? 1906 ????????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? "??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????" . ^[4]

??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????????, ????? ???? 1914 "????????????? ????? ??????". ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ^[5]

?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? . ???? 1944 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????? ? ???????? "Politics", ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???. ^[6]

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???'?? ???? 1950 , ??????? ???? 1953 ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ^[7] ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ???????? - ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

???? 1957 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ??. ??. ? ???????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? . ^[8] ???????? ???? ???? "?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?-60 ?????? ?????". ^[9] ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? "??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????-??? ????? ????????????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????".

???? 1961 ???? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? (Donald Webster Cory) ^[10] ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????: "The Homosexual in America", ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????-?????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? . ???? ???:

????? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????.

???? 1978 ????? ? ????????? ????? ????? , ?????? ????? ????? ????????, ??????, ??? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???"? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ??????, ^[11] ?????? ???? , ^[12] ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? "!Come out! Come out! Wherever you are" (? ????? ????? : "???! ???! ???? ?????!") ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? "?????? ??' 6", ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

? ????? ?????? ???? 1978 ???? ???'?? ???? ????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? "???? ????" ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???:

???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ????...?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????.. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????????, ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??. ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ????

.

??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???"??? ????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????.

? ??? ????? ????? , ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? Pub.L. 103-160 ‏(10 U.S.C. § 654), ????? ??????? ????? " ?? ????, ?? ???? " (? ?????? : "Don’t ask, don’t tell") ????? ??? ??? 1993 ???? 2011, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? "?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????". ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.

?????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? - ????? ? ??? ???? . ^[2]

????? ???? ?"? ??? ????, ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ' ????? ?????? ', ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ???? , ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???"??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????: ???? ????, ???? ???? ?-90 , ??? ???? ?????? ?-22 ?-16 ????. ^[13] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??????? , ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ??? ?????? ????? ??? "?? ???". ?? ?????? ????? ?"??????? ??????" (????? ???? ?? ??????), ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? "????????", ??? ?? "????? ??????" ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????.

??????? ??? ????????????? ????? ? ????? ??????, ???"??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ?? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? .

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ?? ???

??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??. ?? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???????, ??????, ????????, ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????, ????????????? ?? ??????, ????? "?? ??????" ???? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????. ^[14]

? ??? ???????? , ????? ???? "????? ??? ????", ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????????. ^[14]

????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????; ????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???. ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ????? ?????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[14]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ?????? :
	????? ???"?

????, ?. (2001). ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????: ???????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????: ?????????? ???? .
??? ?????? , ?????? ????? ???? , ????? ????? , 2005. ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????
?? ????, "???, ????." (????? ??????), 2009, ????????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???
????, ?. (1981). ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? . ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ????: ?????????? ?? ????
???? ??? (2001). ?????? ?????? ????? . ??? ?. ??? ??. ???? (??????). ??????? ?????? ??. ???????: ????? ?????? ????', ???? ????? ??????.
????, ?. (1999). ????? ?????? ?????? ? Coming Out ?? ??????? ?????? ????????: ???????? ?????? ???????? . ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????: ?????????? ????.
???, ?., ?????, ?. (2000). ???, ?? ?? ???? ???? ??: ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ?? ????: ?????.
????, ?. (2001). ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? : ???????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????: ?????????? ????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???, ????? ?????? - ????? ??????? , ????? ????? : ??? ?' ? ??? ?'
??? ??????-????, "??? ?????" , ???? ??????? , 6 ???? 2010
??? ???, "????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????" , ???? ynet , 8 ????? 2010
??? ?????, ???? ?? ???? (??????) , ???? ????? ???? , 15 ??????? 2013
???? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? , ???? ???? , 1 ???? 2015
??? ???????, ? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ???? 4, ????? 2009, ??' 28-1

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "History of National Coming Out Day" . Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
^ ¹ ² ??? ????, "????? ?????", ????? ??????. ?? ???? 2007
^ "Coming Out: A Journey" . Utahpridecenter.org. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
^ Bloch, Ivan. Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur, 1906. English translation: The Sexual Life of Our Time in Its Relations to Modern Civilization, 1910.
^ Johansson&Percy, p.24
^ "Robert Duncan and Romantic Synthesis: A Few Notes" . This article also republished as "On Robert Duncan" at Modern American Poetry website
^ Bullough, Vern L. (2002). Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. Routledge. ISBN 1560231939 .
^ Chibbaro Jr., Lou (2006-10-04). "Kameny's work finds new home" . Washington Blade . Retrieved 2008-03-28.
^ Johnson, David K. (2002), "Franklin E. Kameny (1925-)", in Bullough, Vern L., Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context, New York: The Haworth Press, pp. 209?218, ISBN 1560231939
^ "Sagarin bio" , Glbtq.com. 1913-09-18. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
^ Milk Memorial March Brings Out Hundreds
^ McKinley, Jesse ( 1 ??????? 2008 ). "Back to the Ramparts in California" . NYT . ???? ?- 2008-12-07 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )
^ ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? | ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????: 16 ???? , ???? ???? , 12 ????? 2009
^ ¹ ² ³ ??? ????, "?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????" , ??? ???? ??????

[1] "History of National Coming Out Day" . Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 2008-10-17.

[שילה-2] ¹ ² ??? ????, "????? ?????", ????? ??????. ?? ???? 2007

[3] "Coming Out: A Journey" . Utahpridecenter.org. Retrieved 2009-06-24.

[4] Bloch, Ivan. Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur, 1906. English translation: The Sexual Life of Our Time in Its Relations to Modern Civilization, 1910.

[5] Johansson&Percy, p.24

[6] "Robert Duncan and Romantic Synthesis: A Few Notes" . This article also republished as "On Robert Duncan" at Modern American Poetry website

[7] Bullough, Vern L. (2002). Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. Routledge. ISBN 1560231939 .

[8] Chibbaro Jr., Lou (2006-10-04). "Kameny's work finds new home" . Washington Blade . Retrieved 2008-03-28.

[9] Johnson, David K. (2002), "Franklin E. Kameny (1925-)", in Bullough, Vern L., Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context, New York: The Haworth Press, pp. 209?218, ISBN 1560231939

[10] "Sagarin bio" , Glbtq.com. 1913-09-18. Retrieved 2009-06-24.

[11] Milk Memorial March Brings Out Hundreds

[back-12] McKinley, Jesse ( 1 ??????? 2008 ). "Back to the Ramparts in California" . NYT . ???? ?- 2008-12-07 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )

[13] ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? | ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????: 16 ???? , ???? ???? , 12 ????? 2009

[ברנע-14] ¹ ² ³ ??? ????, "?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????" , ??? ???? ??????

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