???? ????? ???? (?????)
(
23 ???????
1920
?
15 ??????
2007
) ???
???? ???????
?
??????
??????
?????? ?? ?
?????
????????
, ?????? ????? ?
???? ?-50
?
???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20
.
???? ?
?????
??
?????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????. ???? 10 ??? ?? ?????? ?
??????
.
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 14, ???? ????????? ??? ??????
???? ???????
. ???? 16 ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??
??? ???????
?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
?? ????
.
????
1938
??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????
?????
???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? "???? ????", "
???? ???????
" ?"????? ?????" (???
??? ??????
).
????
1947
??? ?
??????? ??????
??????
1950
?
1951
????? ?
???
??
????????
??? ????? ???? ?
????
. ?-
1952
???? ???????
????? ???
, ??? ??
???? ????????-???
???
????? ???
.
????
1956
??? ????? ????
????? ????????? ????????
(ITI) ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????.
?-
1957
????? ?? ???
???? ?????
???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? "
?????? ??????
".
?-
1958
, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ?
??? ????
, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?
????????
. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
?????? ??? ?????? ?-
1961
, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?
??????? ????
??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ??????:
???'?? ??????
, "
??????
", "
??????
", "
??? ???????
" ?"???? ????" (???
?????? ????
).
???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????
?????
.
???? 1977 ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????.
???? ??? ??????? ????
1985
. ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? 1989 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????.
????
1973
??? ?????. ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?
??? ???'??
??-
1992
??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????
?????
??? ???? ?
???? ????????
.
?
?????
2007
???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?
????? ????
???? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?
??? ???
. ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.
?-
2014
??? ??? ?????????? ??? "??? ?????".
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????: "
?????
", "
???
" ???
????? ?????
, "
???? ???????
", "
??????? ?? ??????
", "
??? ??? ?????
", "????? ??? ???" (???
??? ????
), "
??? ???????
", "
????
", "
????? ?????
", "
?????
", "
???? ???????
", "
??????
", "
????? ??????
" (???
?'???' ????? ??
), "??? ?????", "
???? ???
" (???
????? ?????
), "???????" (???
???? ?????
), "??? ?????" (???
???? ???
), "
?? ????? ???
" (???
??? ???
), "
?? ????
" ?"???? ????" (???
????? ?????
).
?-
1950
????? ?????? ???? ???? "
???? ?????
". ???? ????? ????? ??
???? ???????
"
?????? ?? ??????
" ????
1968
, ???? "???? ??????" ????? ?? ???? ??????" ???? 1968, ?"
????? ?? ??????
" (1988) ????? "???? ?????" ????? ??
?'???? ????
(
1989
). ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????: "
??????? 99
", "
???? ?????
", "
???? 24 ???? ????
", "
????? ?????
", "
??? ?????
", "
??????
", "
???????
", "
???????
", "
?????
", "
????? ??????
", "
???? ???
" ?"?????" ??
?? ?????
.